Marcello A. Giorgi Università di Pisa & INFN Pisa November 27,2009 Plenary ECFA CERN The status of Project 27 November,20091Marcello A. Giorgi

SuperB is a project sustained by an international collaboration aiming at a regional project: the construction of a very high luminosity (10 36 cm -2 s -1 ) asymmetric e + e - Super Flavor Factory, with location, inside or near the INFN Frascati National Laboratory. A Conceptual Design Report, signed by 85 Institutions was published in March 2007 (arXiv: [hep-ex]) A TDR is now under construction to be ready by end An Intermediate Document ( White Paper) in the next few months. SuperB: a ≥10 36 cm -2 s -1 e+ e- collider 27 November, Marcello A. Giorgi

27 November,2009Marcello A. Giorgi3 Previous presentations of the Project Manchester (‘07) : Lisbon (March’08) : CERN (Nov’08): REPORT BASED ON CDR Some Highlight on Physics Program Quick update on Detector Accelerator : preliminary results from test on SuperB concepts in Da  ne upgrade at LNF. Quick update on Physics Program and Detector Accelerator test results Update on Process and Organization for TDR 320 Signatures About 85 institutions 174 Babar members 65 non Babar.

To New Physics BSM with Super Flavor Factories The factories program complementary to LHC and LHCb. The optimum is the global approach : Direct evidence: Energy frontier (look for peaks) Indirect : Flavor (look for rare or forbidden processes) Quark Sector (b,c) Lepton Sector (LFV in charged leptons, CPV in , g-2,neutrinos) EDM Astroparticle and non accelerator Physics 27 November,2009Marcello A. Giorgi4

The factories program complementary to LHC and LHCb. The optimum is the global approach : Direct evidence: Energy frontier (look for peaks) Indirect : Flavor (look for rare or forbidden processes) Quark Sector (b,c) [Golden modes B→  and B→s  ] Lepton Sector (LFV in charged leptons, CPV in , g-2,neutrinos) EDM Astroparticle and non accelerator Physics 27 November,2009Marcello A. Giorgi5 Accessible to Factories To New Physics BSM with Super Flavor Factories

27 November,2009Marcello A. Giorgi6 CKM precision measurements 1 ab ab -1

Marcello A. Giorgi 7 Charm FCNC Charm mixing and CP B Y(4S) B s Y(5S)  Physics 27 November,2009

8 Br(B d  K  ) – Z penguins and right hand current   ~[20-40] ab -1 are needed for observation >>50ab -1 for precise measurement SM today If these quantities are <~10% deviations from the SM can be observed Only theo. errors 27 November,2009Marcello A. Giorgi

9 CP Violation in charm from mixing NOW 27 November,2009

Marcello A. Giorgi 10 CP Violation in charm from mixing NOW SuperB 27 November,2009

Marcello A. Giorgi11 Charm Charm events at threshold are very clean: pure DD, no additional fragmentation High signal/bkg ratio: optimal for decays with neutrinos. Quantum Coherence: new and alternative CP violation measurement wrt to  (4S). Unique opportunity to measure D 0 -D 0 relative phase. Increased statistics is not an advantage running at threshold: cross- section 3x wrt 10GeV but luminosity 10x smaller. SuperB lumi at 4 GeV = cm -2 s -1 produces ~10 9 DD pairs per month of running. (using Cleo-c cross-section measurement [  (e + e -  D 0 D 0 )~3.6 nb ] +[  (e + e -  D + D - )~2.8 nb] ~ 6.4 nb) Super tau-charm could well study mixing and CP violation direct/indirect, but not in time dependent analysis as done in in B factories. Time-dependent measurements at 4 GeV only possible at SuperB to extract weak Phase thanks to the improved time measurement and to the option of running at charm threshold. 27 November,2009

ParameterRequirementComment Luminosity (top-up mode)10 36 cm -2 s  (4S) Baseline/Flexibility wit headroom at cm -2 s -1 Integrated luminosity75 ab -1 Based on a “New Snowmass Year” of 1.5 x 10 7 seconds (PEP-II & KEKB experience-based) CM energy range  threshold to  (5S) For Charm special runs…… Minimum boost  ≈0.28 ≈(4x7 GeV) 1 cm beam pipe radius. First measured point at 1.5 cm e - Polarization60-85% Enables  CP and T violation studies, measurement of  g-2 and improves sensitivity to lepton flavor-violating decays. Detailed simulation, needed to ascertain a more precise requirement, are in progress. 27 November,200912Marcello A. Giorgi PARAMETER REQUIREMENTS FROM PHYSICS

13 SuperB parameter list (updated July 2009) 27 November,2009Marcello A. Giorgi

1.Large Piwinski’s angle F = tg( q)s z / s x 2.Vertical beta comparable with overlap area b y s x / q 3.Crab waist transformation y = xy’/(2 q ) Machine concept : (Crab Waist in 3 Steps) 1. P.Raimondi, 2° SuperB Workshop, March P.Raimondi, D.Shatilov, M.Zobov, physics/ November,200914Marcello A. Giorgi

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SuperB Site independent now LNF 27 November,200918Marcello A. Giorgi Polarization included

Damping ring Collider hall SuperB Site independent now LNF 27 November,200919Marcello A. Giorgi Polarization included

5.8 m Damping ring Collider hall SuperB Site independent now LNF 27 November,200920Marcello A. Giorgi Polarization included

Collider Hall (  12x30m) area for cooling towers Existing Building Guesthouse 2 “SLAC type buildings” (20x35m) housing 6 klystrons each plus magnet power supplies Electrical Substation upgradable up to 2x63MVA transformers 27 November,200921Marcello A. Giorgi

Geological Survey 27 November,200922Marcello A. Giorgi

27 November, Marcello A. Giorgi Measurements made by a team of : LAPP Annecy, LNF and PisaVIRGO

SuperB expected LUMI With 7 th year integrated Luminosity can grow at rate of  40 ÷ 60 ab -1 /year >80ab-1 after 6 years 27 November, Marcello A. Giorgi

Background Issue : sources Cross sectionEvt/bunch xingRate Beam Strahlung~340 mbarn ( E γ /Ebeam > 1% )~8500.3THz e + e - pair production~7.3 mbarn~187GHz e + e - pair (seen by 1.5 cm) ~0.07 mbarn~0.270 MHz Elastic BhabhaO(10 -4 ) mbarn (Det. acceptance)~250/Million100KHz Υ(4S)O(10 -6 ) mbarn~2.5/Million1 KHz Loss rateLoss/bunch passRate Touschek (LER)4.1kHz / bunch (+/- 2 m from IP)~3/100~5 MHz 27 November,200925Marcello A. Giorgi radiative Bhabha  dominant effect on lifetime Two colliding beams : e+e- e+e- production  important source for SVT layer-0 synchrotron radiation  strictly connected to IR design Single beam : Touschek  negligible in BaBar, important in SuperB beam-gas intra-beam scattering Collimators, dynamic aperture and energy acceptance optimization solve the problem of Touschek Background in LER

Beam Strahlung Single shared QD0 (conventional design): the beam lines are displaced w.r.t. the quadrupole magnetic axis. The off-energy particles are diverted into the vacuum chamber producing bkg. Double QD0 (Siam Twins Quadrupoles): the beam lines are tilted w.r.t. the quadrupole magnetic axis. Only the softer particles produces bkg. (smaller rate, easier shielding) CDR: QD0 shared by HER & LER Mike Sullivan Double QD0 for HER & LER 27 November,200926Marcello A. Giorgi

QD0: Siam Twin Design Iron Free SC quadrupole: 120 T/m (HER) 52 T/m (LER) Sim. 2D Total Field Left Coil Field Right Coil Field External coil Left External Coil Field Right The desired linear fields are produced by the superposition of the inner and outer fields of the coils determined in 2D in algebraic way. 3D Finite elements analysis (Tosca) shows good field quality (Sextupole less than w.r.t. the r = 1 cm to be further optimized) Challenging design: Prototype construction will start in 2010 Simona Bettoni Eugenio Paoloni 27 November,200927Marcello A. Giorgi

Pair Production The detector solenoidal field is the main trap to keep low p t particles away from the detector Geant 4 simulation to predict the rate on Layer0 in progress Preliminary : 7.8 MHz/Cm 2 crossings in L0 (300mm Si) 7.3 mbarn Dominant Feynman graph gamm a e+e+ e-e- Geant4 Sim SVT Layer 0 Beam pipe Riccardo Cenci SVT Layer 0 radius (cm) Track rate (Hz/cm 2 ) Generator level predictions SuperB L 0 at 13 mm & Beam pipe at 10 mm (1mm Be 5 m m Au) No Beam Pipe : CDR 27 November,200928Marcello A. Giorgi

Developed a light L0 module support with cooling microchannel integrated in the Carbon Fiber support: 0.35 % X 0 –Total support thickness = 0.35 % X 0 –Consistent with the requirements TFD Lab ready in Pisa First thermoidraulic measurements in good agreement with simulation and within specs. ½ MIP DETECTOR: SVT- Layer0 R&D Status Successfully tested two options for L0 CMOS MAPS matrix with fast readout architecture (4096 pixels, 50x50  m pitch, sparsification and timestamp) – Hit efficiency up to 92% with room for improvement – Intrisinc resolution ~ 14  m compatible with digital readout. Thin (200  m) striplets module with FSSR2 readout chips – S/N=25, Efficiency > 98% First demostration of LVL1 capability with silicon tracker information sent to Associative Memories MAPS Hit Efficiency vs threshold Carbon Fiber Support with 3 channels 12.8 mm 1.1 mm SLIM 5 CERN (Sept 2008) 90% 27 November,200929Marcello A. Giorgi

DETECTOR: Particle Identification Hadronic PID system essential for P( ,K)>0.7GeV/c (use dE/dx for p<0.7GeV/c) Baseline is to reuse BaBar DIRC barrel-only design – Excellent performance to 4GeV/c – Robust operation, Elegant mechanical support – Photon detectors outside field region – Radiation hard fused silica radiators Photon detector replacement – Baseline: Use pixelated fast PMTs with a smaller SOB to improve background performance by x with identical PID performance 27 November,200930Marcello A. Giorgi

DETECTOR: Forw/Back PID option Extending PID coverage to the forward and backward regions has been considered Possibly useful, although the physics case needs to be established quantitatively Serious interference with other systems – Material in front of the EMC – Needs space cause displacement of front face of EMC Technologies Aerogel-based focusing RICH –Working device –Requires significant space (15 cm) and thickness (about 28%X0) Time of flight –Need about 10ps resolution to be competitive with focusing RICH –15-20ps already achieved. 27 November,200931Marcello A. Giorgi

DETECTOR: The electromagnetic calorimeter *Barrel *BaBar barrel crystals not suffering signs of radiation damage. They’re sufficiently fast and radiation hard for SuperB needs  They can be reused. (Would have been) most expensive detector component *Background dominated by radiative Bhabhas. IR shielding design is crucial *Endcaps *Best possible hermiticity important for key physics measurements *New forward endcap *backward endcap is an option BaBar Barrel 5760 CsI(Tl) Crystals Essential detector to measure energy and direction of g and e, discriminate between e and p, and detect neutral hadrons 27 November,200932Marcello A. Giorgi

DETECTOR: Forward and backward EMC *Forward endcap –BaBar CsI(Tl) endcap inadequate for higher rates and radiation dose of SuperB Need finer granularity Faster crystals and readout electronics comparable total X0 –Option 1: LYSO crystals frees 10cm for a forw. PID system radiation hard, fast, small Moliere radius, good light yield expensive at the moment, although reduction possible –Option 2: retain 3 outer rings of CsI(Tl), LYSO the others less expensive no space for forw. PID system *Backward endcap (option) –Pb plates and scintillating tiles with fiber readout to SiPMs 27 November,200933Marcello A. Giorgi

Provides discrimination between  and  ±. Help detection and direction measurement of K L (together with EMC) Composed by 1 hexagonal barrel + 2 endcaps as in BaBar Add absorber w.r.t. BaBar to improve  /  separation. Amount and distribution to be optimized – 7-8 absorber layers – reuse of BaBar IFR iron under evaluation Use extruded scintillator a la MINOS coupled to geiger mode APDs through WLS fibers – expected hit rates of O(100) Hz/cm 2 d – single layer or double coord. layout depending on the x-y resolution needs DETECTOR: The Instrumented Flux Return 27 November,200934Marcello A. Giorgi

Detector simulation 27 November,200935Marcello A. Giorgi Fast simulation –Parametrized, for evaluating physics impact of detector choice Full simulation (Bruno) –GEANT4 full description, for background effect evaluation

Marcello A. Giorgi Detector Geometry Working Group forward PID device between DCH and EMC backward EM calorimeter SVT/DCH transition radius, internal geometry of SVT amount and distribution of absorber in IFR Effects of energy asymmetry. Group setup to quantify the impact of several detector options/parameters, including: Golden mode for a given scenario Non-golden, but still sensitive to deviations from the SM requires high precision on CKM parameters (obtainable with SuperB) -CKM:    + “Breco”: reconstruction of flavour-tagging B decays is crucial ingredient for SuperB physics program + possibly include channel at Psi(3770) work started on these channels Strategy: study the impact of detector options on a set of key measurements 27 November,

Marcello A. Giorgi Detector configurations Main tool: fast simulation generate/simulate/reconstruct physics events analysis tools inherited from BaBar  = cm space estimate for DCH electronics EMC solenoid IFR DCH SVT DIRC bwd EMC fwd PID examples of simulated detector schemes 27 November,

Computing FastSim: used for physics studies 27 November,200938Marcello A. Giorgi

27 November,2009Marcello A. Giorgi39 Process: Before 2009

Process: Reviews 27 November,2009Marcello A. Giorgi40 Since 2007 the Project: Physics motivation and Machine Design have been revewed by several International committees: CDR (Physics and concepts) by IRC (J.Dainton Chair) ECFA appointed committee (T.Nakada Chair) Machine (design, progress and organization for future steps) by Mini-Mac (J.Dorfan Chair) No one has identified any showstopper preventing the accomplishment of the project. From J. Dorfan report of MINI MAC April 24,2009 …. “Mini-MAC now feels secure in enthusiastically encouraging the SuperB design team to proceed to the TDR phase, with confidence that the design parameters are achievable” SuperB is now in TDR phase with commitment: TDR delivery end 2010 Shorter White Paper end 2009

27 November,2009Marcello A. Giorgi41 The President of INFN has presented the SuperB as a regional project in the European Strategy session of Cern Council. End July The Italian Minister of Science has presented the SuperB proposal for funding to the Economic Ministers Committee (CIPE) Process: 2009

27 November,2009Marcello A. Giorgi42 The President of INFN has presented the SuperB as a regional project in the European Strategy session of Cern Council. End July The Italian Minister of Science has presented the SuperB proposal for funding to the Economic Ministers Committee (CIPE) Process: 2009

27 November,2009Marcello A. Giorgi43 The President of INFN has presented the SuperB as a regional project in the European Strategy session of Cern Council. End July The Italian Minister of Science has presented the SuperB proposal for funding to the Economic Ministers Committee (CIPE) Process: 2009 Wait decision about funding!!

END 27 November, Marcello A. Giorgi