INTRODUCTION TO CLOA  Read about the history of cognitive psych – green book pg. 66-68  In blue text, read about the principles of CLOA on pages 67-70.

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Presentation transcript:

INTRODUCTION TO CLOA  Read about the history of cognitive psych – green book pg  In blue text, read about the principles of CLOA on pages Define the bold words on page 67 and 68 only. You should start a separate glossary somewhere in your notes for this LOA.

COGNITIVE PROCESSES SLO 1 – EVALUATE SCHEMA THEORY ‘Evaluate schema theory with reference to research studies’

Schema Theory: What is it?  Rumelhart and Norman (1983) described how schemas:  Represent both simple and complex knowledge  Link together to form larger systems of related schemas  Have slots with fixed values, optional values and default values  Acquire their content through personal experience or taught beliefs/stereotypes  Operate as active recognition devices Schemas are mental plans for action. They serve as frameworks through which to view the world David Rumelhart

Schema of a Picnic

Advantages of Schema Theory Enables us to store the central meaning or gist of new info without those pesky details Saves memory resources Schemas help us understand new info more readily and fill in or guess the rest Makes the world more coherent and predictable

Disadvantages of Schema Theory Doesn’t explain how the info that does not quite fit our schemas, esp the minor details, may be ignored or forgotten or distorted so as to make better sense to us Does not explain why the guesses/filling-in of memory by default values may be completely inaccurate Does not explain how we can experience inaccurate, stereotyped and prejudiced remembering

Bartlett (1932) – see OneNote and Green text pg. 71 Brewer and Treyens (1981) Bartlett (1932) – see OneNote and Green text pg. 71 Brewer and Treyens (1981)

Key Studies Anderson & Pichert (1978) Loftus & Palmer (1932)

Schema theory Cognitive Schema (also, self-schema and social-schema) Scripts Distortions Encoding Storage Retrieval Fixed values, optional values, default values Active recognition devices Distinctiveness effect Schema theory Cognitive Schema (also, self-schema and social-schema) Scripts Distortions Encoding Storage Retrieval Fixed values, optional values, default values Active recognition devices Distinctiveness effect