OT Survey I 2 Samuel

English Location of Samuel in Canon Hebrew [ Historical Books] Joshua Joshua Judges Judges Ruth Ruth Samuel Samuel Kings Kings Chronicles Chronicles Ezra/Neh/Est Ezra/Neh/Est [Former Prophets] Joshua Joshua Judges Judges Samuel Samuel Kings Kings [Writings]... Proverbs... Proverbs Ruth... Ruth...

Location of Samuel in Canon Pentateuch (esp. Deuteronomy) Joshua Judges Samuel

Location of Samuel in Canon Pentateuch (esp. Deuteronomy) Joshua Judges 1 Samuel 2 Samuel

lWaêv' tAmå ‘yrEx]a;¥ yhiªy>w: Now it came about after the death of Saul… (NAS) 2 Samuel 1:1

Now it came about after the death of… Now it came about after the death of Moses the servant of the LORD... (Joshua 1:1) And it came about after the death of Abraham... (Gen 25:11) [Hebrew is the same] Now it came about after the death of Joshua.. (Judges 1:1) Now it came about after the death of Saul... (2 Samuel 1:1)... after the death of the two sons of Aaron. (Lev 16:1) [Similar Hebrew] [Later]... after the death of Ahab. (2 Kings 1:1)

Now it came about after the death of… Now it came about after the death of Moses the servant of the LORD that the LORD spoke to Joshua the son of Nun (Joshua 1:1) [Mosaic Covenant: Torch passed to Joshua] And it came about after the death of Abraham, that God blessed his son Isaac. (Genesis 25:11) [Abrahamic Covenant: Torch passed to Isaac] Now it came about after the death of Joshua that the sons of Israel inquired of the LORD (Judges 1:1) [Joshua’s Covenant: Torch passed to the people (remember, “there was no king in those days”)] Now it came about after the death of Saul... that David remained two days in Ziklag (2 Samuel 1:1) [Saul’s (Samuel’s?) Covenant: Torch passed to David]

Noahic to Abrahamic Covenant Failure – Tower of Babel (Gen 11) Promise – Noahic Covenant (Gen 9) Renewal – Abrahamic Covenant (Gen 15 -> 17) [note the historical prologue in 15:7] Theophany – Smoking Oven and Flaming Torch (Gen 15) Concern – Disobedience will result in cutting off (Gen 17) Waiting – Abraham grows old (Gen 16) Impatience – Abraham takes Hagar (Gen 16) Fulfillment Begins – Isaac born (Gen 21) “Now it came about after the death of Abraham…” (Genesis 25:11)

Abrahamic to Mosaic Covenant Failure – Israel in Egypt (Gen 37 - Exod 12) Promise – Abrahamic Covenant Renewal – Mosaic Covenant (Exod > Lev) [note the historical prologue in 19:4] Theophany – God thundering from Sinai (Exod 19) Concern – Boundaries to obey (Exod)! God is holy (Lev)! Waiting – For Moses to return (Exod 32:1) Impatience – Golden Calf (Exod 32) Fulfillment Begins – Tabernacle Finished (Exod 34-40) “…after the death of the two sons of Aaron…” (Leviticus 16:1)

Mosaic to Deuteronomic Covenant Failure – All of Numbers; but esp. at Kadesh (Num 13) Promise – Mosaic Covenant Renewal – Deut. Covenant (Num 14 -> Deut 1-30) [note the historical prologue in Deut 1-4] Theophany – God appears in tent (Num 14 -> Deut 31:15) Concern – Israel won’t obey! (Num 14 -> Deut 31:16-32:52) Waiting – 40 years in the wilderness (Num 13-19) Impatience – Moses strikes the rock (Num 20) Fulfillment Begins – East of the Jordan (Num 21-36) “Now it came about after the death of Moses…” (Joshua 1:1)

Deuteronomic to Joshua’s Covenant Failure – No Herem at Ai (Josh 7) Promise – Deuteronomic Covenant Renewal – Renewed Covenant (Josh 8 -> 24) [note the historical prologue in Josh 24:1-13] Theophany – ??? Concern – Israel will not obey, has idols (Josh 24) Waiting – As opponents assemble (Josh 9:1) Impatience – Not inquiring of Yahweh (Josh 9) Fulfillment Begins – Israel starts to take land (Josh 12) “Now it came about after the death of Joshua…” (Judges 1:1)

Joshua’s to Samuel’s Covenant Failure – Judges through 1 Samuel 8, esp. 1 Samuel 8 Promise – Joshua’s Covenant (i.e., renewed by Joshua) Renewal – Samuel’s Covenant (1 Sam 10 -> 12) [note the historical prologue in 1 Sam 12:6-11] Theophany – 1 Sam 12:16-19 Concern – Sin will lead to God’s opposition (1 Sam 12:15) Waiting – Saul for Samuel (1 Sam 13:8) Impatience – Acting before Samuel’s arrival (1 Sam 13:9-10) Fulfillment Begins – David anointed as king (1 Sam 16) “Now it came about after the death of Saul…” (2 Sam 1:1)

Samuel to David’s Covenant Failure – Righteous king not reigning (1 Sam Sam 4) Promise – Samuel’s Covenant (i.e., renewed by Samuel) Renewal – David’s Covenant (2 Sam 7; 1 Kings ?) [note the historical prologue in 2 Sam 7:8-9] Theophany – 1 Kings ? Concern – Sin brings discipline (2 Sam 7:14; 1 Kings ?) Waiting – David waiting for army’s return (2 Sam 11:1-3) Impatience(?) – Taking of Bathsheba (2 Sam 11) Fulfillment Begins – Solomon is born (2 Sam 12:24-25)

Structure of 2 Samuel 2 Samuel 1- 4 – David’s rise to power 2 Samuel 1- 4 – David’s rise to power 2 Samuel 5- 9 – David’s rule in power 2 Samuel 5- 9 – David’s rule in power 2 Samuel – David’s abuse of power 2 Samuel – David’s abuse of power 2 Samuel – David’s fall from power 2 Samuel – David’s fall from power 2 Samuel 21-24* – End of David’s reign 2 Samuel 21-24* – End of David’s reign * Section actually ends in 1 Kings 2

The Hope of Hannah and David My horn (1/2:1, 2/22:3) My horn (1/2:1, 2/22:3) No other rock (1/2:2, 2/22:32) No other rock (1/2:2, 2/22:32) Armed with strength (1/2:4, 2/22:40) Armed with strength (1/2:4, 2/22:40) The grave, death (1/2:6, 2/22:5-6) The grave, death (1/2:6, 2/22:5-6) Humbles, exalts, proud (1/2:7, 2/22:28) Humbles, exalts, proud (1/2:7, 2/22:28) Darkness (1/2:9, 2/22:29) Darkness (1/2:9, 2/22:29) Thunder from heaven (1/2:10, 2/22:14) Thunder from heaven (1/2:10, 2/22:14) Gives the king (1/2:10, 2/22:51) Gives the king (1/2:10, 2/22:51) Yahweh’s anointed (1/2:10, 2/22:51) Yahweh’s anointed (1/2:10, 2/22:51)

Structure of 1 Samuel 1 Samuel 1- 7 – The Ministry of Samuel 1 Samuel 1- 7 – The Ministry of Samuel 1 Samuel 8 – Israel Rejects God 1 Samuel 8 – Israel Rejects God 1 Samuel 9-11 – Saul becomes king 1 Samuel 9-11 – Saul becomes king 1 Samuel 12 – God’s Promise of Grace 1 Samuel 12 – God’s Promise of Grace 1 Samuel – Saul rejected as king 1 Samuel – Saul rejected as king 1 Samuel 16 – David Chosen as king 1 Samuel 16 – David Chosen as king 1 Samuel 17 – David defeats Philistines 1 Samuel 17 – David defeats Philistines 1 Samuel – David flees from Saul 1 Samuel – David flees from Saul 1 Samuel – Saul defeated by Philistines 1 Samuel – Saul defeated by Philistines

Structure of 2 Samuel 2 Samuel 1- 4 – David’s rise to power 2 Samuel 1- 4 – David’s rise to power 2 Samuel 5- 9 – David’s rule in power 2 Samuel 5- 9 – David’s rule in power 2 Samuel – David’s abuse of power 2 Samuel – David’s abuse of power 2 Samuel – David’s fall from power 2 Samuel – David’s fall from power 2 Samuel – End of David’s reign 2 Samuel – End of David’s reign Key Chapters 2 Samuel 7 – Davidic Covenant 2 Samuel 7 – Davidic Covenant 2 Samuel 12 – Consequences of David’s sin 2 Samuel 12 – Consequences of David’s sin 2 Samuel 22 – David’s hope 2 Samuel 22 – David’s hope

Purpose Statement of First Samuel God responds in grace to Israel’s wicked request for a king and demonstrates the righteousness He desires in a king by contrasting Saul and David. God responds in grace to Israel’s wicked request for a king and demonstrates the righteousness He desires in a king by contrasting Saul and David. Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 8 – Israel’s wicked request; ch. 12 – God’s grace; ch. 16 – David’s righteousness Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 8 – Israel’s wicked request; ch. 12 – God’s grace; ch. 16 – David’s righteousness

Purpose Statement of First Samuel God responds in grace to Israel’s wicked request for a king and demonstrates the righteousness He desires in a king by contrasting Saul and David. God responds in grace to Israel’s wicked request for a king and demonstrates the righteousness He desires in a king by contrasting Saul and David. Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 8 – Israel’s wicked request; ch. 12 – God’s grace; ch. 16 – David’s righteousness Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 8 – Israel’s wicked request; ch. 12 – God’s grace; ch. 16 – David’s righteousness

Purpose Statement of First Samuel God responds in grace to Israel’s wicked request for a king and demonstrates the righteousness He desires in a king by contrasting Saul and David. God responds in grace to Israel’s wicked request for a king and demonstrates the righteousness He desires in a king by contrasting Saul and David. Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 8 – Israel’s wicked request; ch. 12 – God’s grace; ch. 16 – David’s righteousness Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 8 – Israel’s wicked request; ch. 12 – God’s grace; ch. 16 – David’s righteousness

Purpose Statement of First Samuel God responds in grace to Israel’s wicked request for a king and demonstrates the righteousness He desires in a king by contrasting Saul and David. God responds in grace to Israel’s wicked request for a king and demonstrates the righteousness He desires in a king by contrasting Saul and David. Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 8 – Israel’s wicked request; ch. 12 – God’s grace; ch. 16 – David’s righteousness Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 8 – Israel’s wicked request; ch. 12 – God’s grace; ch. 16 – David’s righteousness

Purpose Statement of Second Samuel God's covenant provides hope for Israel that in spite of David's failure, the blessings of a Davidic king will one day forever be a reality for Israel. God's covenant provides hope for Israel that in spite of David's failure, the blessings of a Davidic king will one day forever be a reality for Israel. Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 7 – God’s covenant with David; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its predicted consequences; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, righteous ruler Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 7 – God’s covenant with David; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its predicted consequences; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, righteous ruler

Purpose Statement of Second Samuel God's covenant provides hope for Israel that in spite of David's failure, the blessings of a Davidic king will one day forever be a reality for Israel. God's covenant provides hope for Israel that in spite of David's failure, the blessings of a Davidic king will one day forever be a reality for Israel. Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 7 – God’s covenant with David; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its predicted consequences; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, righteous ruler Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 7 – God’s covenant with David; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its predicted consequences; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, righteous ruler

Purpose Statement of Second Samuel God's covenant provides hope for Israel that in spite of David's failure, the blessings of a Davidic king will one day forever be a reality for Israel. God's covenant provides hope for Israel that in spite of David's failure, the blessings of a Davidic king will one day forever be a reality for Israel. Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 7 – God’s covenant with David; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its predicted consequences; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, righteous ruler Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 7 – God’s covenant with David; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its predicted consequences; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, righteous ruler

Purpose Statement of Second Samuel God's covenant provides hope for Israel that in spite of David's failure, the blessings of a Davidic king will one day forever be a reality for Israel. God's covenant provides hope for Israel that in spite of David's failure, the blessings of a Davidic king will one day forever be a reality for Israel. Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 7 – God’s covenant with David; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its predicted consequences; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, righteous ruler Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 7 – God’s covenant with David; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its predicted consequences; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, righteous ruler

Purpose Statement of Second Samuel God's covenant provides hope for Israel that in spite of David's failure, the blessings of a Davidic king will one day forever be a reality for Israel. God's covenant provides hope for Israel that in spite of David's failure, the blessings of a Davidic king will one day forever be a reality for Israel. Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 7 – God’s covenant with David; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its predicted consequences; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, righteous ruler Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 7 – God’s covenant with David; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its predicted consequences; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, righteous ruler

Major Themes Davidic Covenant – 7; 22:51; 23:1-7 Davidic Covenant – 7; 22:51; 23:1-7 Glory of Israel and her king Glory of Israel and her king Prophesied by Hannah (divine reversal) Prophesied by Hannah (divine reversal) Present – (5:6-10, 17-25; 8:1-14; 10:1-19) Present – (5:6-10, 17-25; 8:1-14; 10:1-19) Future – See esp. 7:8-29 Future – See esp. 7:8-29 The Ark and the Temple in Jerusalem! The Ark and the Temple in Jerusalem! 2 Samuel 6 – Brought to Jerusalem by David 2 Samuel 6 – Brought to Jerusalem by David 2 Samuel 7 – David’s desire to build 2 Samuel 7 – David’s desire to build 2 Samuel 15:24-29 – Remains in Jerusalem 2 Samuel 15:24-29 – Remains in Jerusalem 2 Samuel 24 – The threshing floor of Araunah 2 Samuel 24 – The threshing floor of Araunah

Major Characters David David Righteous (1:11-27; 4:9-12; 6:5, 12-19; 7:2; 8:15; 9; 24:24) Righteous (1:11-27; 4:9-12; 6:5, 12-19; 7:2; 8:15; 9; 24:24) Victorious (5:6-10, 17-25; 8:1-14; 10:1-19) Victorious (5:6-10, 17-25; 8:1-14; 10:1-19) Disobedient (11) Disobedient (11) Repentant (12:13) Repentant (12:13) Singer/Dancer (1:17-27; 6:14-16; 22:1-51) Singer/Dancer (1:17-27; 6:14-16; 22:1-51) Zealous/Passionate (1:19ff, 3:33ff, 6:8-9, 14-16, 21; 12:5-6; 19:1-4) Zealous/Passionate (1:19ff, 3:33ff, 6:8-9, 14-16, 21; 12:5-6; 19:1-4) David’s Sons David’s Sons Absalom (“My father is peace”) (3:3, 13-19; 20:6) Absalom (“My father is peace”) (3:3, 13-19; 20:6) Solomon (Jedidiah = “Loved by Yahweh”) (5:14; 7:12-16; 12:24-25) Solomon (Jedidiah = “Loved by Yahweh”) (5:14; 7:12-16; 12:24-25)

Major Characters (continued) Nathan Nathan Samuel rebuked Saul Samuel rebuked Saul Nathan rebukes David Nathan rebukes David Prophets will continue this role for years to come Prophets will continue this role for years to come Note who is missing Note who is missing Philistines, Ammonites get a little ink Philistines, Ammonites get a little ink Where is Egypt, Assyria, Babylon? Where is Egypt, Assyria, Babylon? God has given rest! God has given rest!

Major Places Tyre (e.g., 2 Samuel 5:11) Tyre (e.g., 2 Samuel 5:11) Important commercial city Important commercial city Will be important in Kings, prophets Will be important in Kings, prophets Damascus (e.g., 2 Samuel 8:5) Damascus (e.g., 2 Samuel 8:5) Residents called “Arameans” Residents called “Arameans” Also called Syrians Also called Syrians Will be important in Kings, prophets Will be important in Kings, prophets

Major Places (continued) Jerusalem! Jerusalem! Original king: Melchizedek (Gen 14:18; Heb 7:1-2) Original king: Melchizedek (Gen 14:18; Heb 7:1-2) “Historically, David’s conquering of Salem gave him the throne of Melchizedek” (Pettegrew) – Psa 110:4 “Historically, David’s conquering of Salem gave him the throne of Melchizedek” (Pettegrew) – Psa 110:4 Adoni-zedek defeated by Joshua (Josh 10) Adoni-zedek defeated by Joshua (Josh 10) Inhabitants not driven out (Josh 15:63; 18:28) Inhabitants not driven out (Josh 15:63; 18:28) Defeated but not taken (Judg 1:7-8, 21; 19:10) Defeated but not taken (Judg 1:7-8, 21; 19:10) Location of Goliath’s head? (1 Sam 17:54) Location of Goliath’s head? (1 Sam 17:54) Captured by David (2 Sam 5) Captured by David (2 Sam 5) Location of the Ark, Temple (2 Sam 5, 24) Location of the Ark, Temple (2 Sam 5, 24) Capital of Israel (2 Sam 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14...) Capital of Israel (2 Sam 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14...) Protected by God (2 Sam 24:15) Protected by God (2 Sam 24:15)

Gihon Spring Pool of Siloam Kidron Valley Central Valley Gethsemane City of David Hinnom Valley

Hezekiah’s Tunnel 2 Chronicles 32:30 It was Hezekiah who stopped the upper outlet of the waters of Gihon and directed them to the west side of the city of David John 9:6-7 When He had said this, He spat on the ground, and made clay of the spittle, and applied the clay to his eyes, and said to him, "Go, wash in the pool of Siloam" (which is translated, Sent). And so he went away and washed, and came back seeing.

Time Period Solomon ruled from 970 BC onwards (to be discussed later) Solomon ruled from 970 BC onwards (to be discussed later) David ruled for 40 years (2 Sam 5:5). Therefore, his reign was from 1010 BC until 970 BC. David ruled for 40 years (2 Sam 5:5). Therefore, his reign was from 1010 BC until 970 BC.

Interpretative Issues 2 Samuel 24:1 Now again the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and it incited David against them to say, "Go, number Israel and Judah." 1 Chronicles 21:1 Then Satan stood up against Israel and moved David to number Israel.

Interpretative Issues (continued) “This is no contradiction for the Lord had simply allowed Satan to prompt David to an improper course of action in order that Israel might be punished and that David might be instructed. This is similar to the Lord’s permitting Satan to trouble Job (Job 1:12; 2:6) and His allowing an evil spirit to torment Saul (1 Samuel 16:14). In any case, the Lord

Interpretative Issues (continued) Himself did not incite David to do evil, for ‘God cannot be tempted by evil, nor does He tempt anyone’ (James 1:13).” Eugene H. Merrill Bible Knowledge Commentary Page 481 Cf. 1 Kings 22

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