درس تئوری وتکنولوژی پيشرفته فشار قوی

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Presentation transcript:

درس تئوری وتکنولوژی پيشرفته فشار قوی استاد : دکتر حسینی دانشکده مهندسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب بهار 1389 تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Contents PD Classification PD Detection Methods Important Parameters For Partial Discharge Analysis Partial Discharge Sensors Different noises and PD patterns Wavelet transform Noise rejection from the recorded signals Frequency content of PD in power transformers Transformer winding modeling Modeling of Transformer winding using the MTL model Simulation result for PD location in a power transformer تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

PD Classification a- Internal Discharge b- Surface Discharge c- Corona Discharge تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

PD Detection Methods Acoustic Detection Light Detection Heat Detection Electrical Methods Acoustic Detection Light Detection Non-Electrical Methods Heat Detection Chemical Products & Gas pressure تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

PD Detection Methods Single Test On-line Detection Periodic Tests Continous Monitoring Off-line Detection تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

PD Detection Methods Figure 1- Example of continous monitoring تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

PD Detection Methods Measurment in the working condition Outage time reduction Advantages of On-line Detection Methods More preparation of personnel for solving the existent problems High voltage simulator equipments is not needed Higher safety تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

PD pulse repetition rate Partial discharge intensity or power PD trend Important Parameters For Partial Discharge Analysis Maximum PD magnitude PD pulse repetition rate Partial discharge intensity or power PD trend Effects of voltage, humidity and temperature تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Partial Discharge Sensors Inductive coupling sensor PD sensors Capacitive coupling sensor Galvanic coupling sensor تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Partial Discharge Sensors Figure 2. Example of capacitive sensors Figure 2. Example of inductive sensors (HFCT) تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Partial Discharge Sensors Figure 4. Capacitive sensor in power transformer and HFCT Figure 5. Capacitive sensor in power transformer and a resistor تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Partial Discharge Sensors Safety and reliability Good signal to noise ratio The choice of the PD sensor and the location of the sensor must resolve the following requirements Minimal invasion into an equipment design (best is no invasion) Competitive cost and simplicity of installation Ability for field installation without equipment shut down تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

PD patterns Figure 6. Classic corona in air or gas from a sharp point Figure 7. Internal discharges in a solid dielectric cavity Figure 9. Discharges in voids in cast-resin insulation Figure 8. Partial discharge in gas bubbles in an insulating liquid تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Types of noises in the substations Discrete Spectral Interference Repetitive noises Switching noises Environmental noises تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Wavelet Transform In fact the Wavelet Transform is generalize of Fourier Transform Wavelet Transform has several benefits, for instance: 1- It can determine the frequency content of a waveform 2- It can determine the occurrence time of frequencies in the waveform Figure 10. De-noising procedure using wavelet transform تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Wavelet Transform Figure 11. Different Mother wavelets a) Haar b) Daubechies c) Coiflet1 d) Symlet2 e) Meyer f) Morlet g) Mexican Hat تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Mother wavelet selection Wavelet Transform Mother wavelet selection PD pulse must be predicted (from the recorded PD signal) Suitable mother wavelet must be selected Partial discharge pulses should be combined with different noises. Noise separation should be done using the different mother wavelet. In each case the SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) must be calculated Mother wavelet which produce the highest SNR is the best mother wavelet for de-noising تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Selection of db8 for De-noising Figure 12. PD pulse obtained from the 20kV distribution transformer in high voltage laboratory Figure 13. Reference noise Figure 14. PD pulse is combined with the reference noise تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Selection of db8 for De-noising a SNR=8.82dB Figure 15. De-noising using the wavelet transform db8 mother wavelet har mother wavelet db2 mother wavelet c b SNR=4.25dB SNR=6.21dB تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Figure 17. db8 Mother Wavelet Hard-thresholding or Soft-thresholding ? SNR=-6.12dB Figure 17. db8 Mother Wavelet Figure 16. De-noising by using the db8 Mother Wavelet and soft-thresholding Because the SNR value is higher when De-noising is done using hard-thresholding than soft-thresholding so the hard-threshoulding is selected تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Experimental Result of PD Measurement On a Laboratory Winding Figure 18. Experimental test set up تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Experimental result of PD measurement On a Laboratory Winding Figure 19. PD pulse shape, PD calibrator pulse- PD pulse after passing 6 turn- PD pulse after passing 12 turn- PD pulse after passing 33 turn (Respectively from top to down). تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Experimental Result of PD Measurement On a Laboratory Winding Figure 20. Frequency content, of PD calibrator pulse - PD pulse after passing 6 turn - PD pulse after passing 12 turn - PD pulse after passing 33 turn (Respectively from top to bottom). تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Experimental Result of PD Measurement On a 20KV Distribution Transformer Fig.21. PD measurement circuit on a 20kV distribution transformer b Figure 22. PD signals recorded from a 20kV distribution transformer a- sample recorded at 2:10 PM b- sample recorded at 2:20 PM تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Experimental Result of PD Measurement On a 20KV Distribution Transformer Reference noise b a Figure 23. Reference noise for the signals that is shown in the Fig. 22 a- sample recorded at 2:05PM b- sample recorded at 2:15PM تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Figure 24. Obtained thresholds using the reference noise (Fig. 23-a) Experimental Result of PD Measurement On a 20KV Distribution Transformer Figure 24. Obtained thresholds using the reference noise (Fig. 23-a) تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Experimental Result of PD Measurement On a 20KV Distribution Transformer Figure 25. Using thresholds obtained in the Fig. 24 for de-noising (signal a) تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Figure 26. PD signal after de-nosing (signal a) Experimental Result of PD Measurement On a 20KV Distribution Transformer Figure 26. PD signal after de-nosing (signal a) تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Figure 27. Obtained thresholds using the reference noise (Fig. 23 -b) Experimental Result of PD Measurement On a 20KV Distribution Transformer Figure 27. Obtained thresholds using the reference noise (Fig. 23 -b) تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Experimental Result of PD Measurement On a 20KV Distribution Transformer Figure 28. Using thresholds obtained in the Fig. 27 for de-noising (signal b) تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Figure 29. PD signal after de-nosing (signal b) Experimental Result of PD Measurement On a 20KV Distribution Transformer Figure 29. PD signal after de-nosing (signal b) تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Experimental Result of PD Measurement On a 20KV Distribution Transformer Figure 11. Frequency content of recorded signal on 20kv distribution transformer Figure 30. Different recorded PD signal on 20kv distribution transformer after de-noising تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Experimental Result of PD Measurement On a 20KV Distribution Transformer Figure 33. PD signals after de-noising, while accompany 50Hz cycle on a 20kV distribution transformer Figure 32. PD signals polluted with noise, recorded for 50ms تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Figure 36. Signal after de-noising Experimental Result of PD Measurement On a a 420 kVY/21kV Power Transformer ∆ Figure 35. PD Signal polluted with noise, captured in Neka power plant Figure 36. Signal after de-noising تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Experimental Result of PD Measurement On a a 420 kVY/21kV Power Transformer ∆ Figure 37. Frequency spectrum of de-noised signal (that is shown in the Fig.36) تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Experimental Result of PD Measurement On a a 420 kVY/21kV Power Transformer ∆ Figure 39. PD signal (number 2) that is shown in the Fig. 36 (opened in time scale) Figure 38. PD signal (number 1) that is shown in the Fig. 36 (opened in time scale) تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Experimental Result of PD Measurement On a a 420 kVY/21kV Power Transformer ∆ Figure 41. Frequency content of signal that is shown in the Fig. 39 Figure 40. Frequency content of signal that is shown in the Fig. 38 تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

partial discharge mechanisms Figure43. quickly developed partial discharges (streamer mechanism) Figure42. Slowly developed partial discharges (townsend mechanism) تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Conclusion about the frequency content of PD in Transformers PD signal in a power transformer are so large that easily can be detected through the examination of captured signals against the PD signals in XLPE cable that is usually buried in the noise main zones of frequency content of recorded PD signals in power and distribution transformers are defined as the two following zones, below 1MHz and between 7 to 9 MHz. transformer winding modeling for PD location must be done by application of a model that is accurate for MHz frequency range تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Transformer Winding Modeling And PD Location The frequency limitation for the validity of this model is in the range of a few hundred kHz. Detailed model with lumped elements because of using the distributed parameters, the model accuracy will be expanded over MHz frequency range. MTL Model تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Transformer Winding Modeling And PD Location Detailed model with lumped elements Figure 45. the simulation model for propagation of PD pulses in a transformer winding Figure 44. Equivalent circuit for detailed model تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Transformer Winding Modeling And PD Location MTL Model Figure 46. Multi-conductor transmission line model تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Figure 47. PD measurement circuit for PD location MTL Model Figure 47. PD measurement circuit for PD location تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Figure 48. Transformer winding equivalent model for PD location study MTL Model Figure 48. Transformer winding equivalent model for PD location study تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

MTL Model [A]=[X][B] Terminal Conditions and PD Location تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

MTL Model And PD Location تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب Figure.49 Algorithm MTL model and PD injection

Case Study And Simulation Results homogeneous transformer windings, 900MVA, 525kV, Shell type Table1. Dimensions and characteristics of the double disks تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Is= Calculated current from the head of winding Simulation results Is= Calculated current from the head of winding a Fig.50. Frequency spectrum of Is a- PD occurred in the disk number 2 b- PD occurred in the disk number 6 c- PD occurred in the disk number 10 b c تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

In= Calculated current from the end of winding Simulation results In= Calculated current from the end of winding a Fig.51. Frequency spectrum of In a- PD occurred in the disk number 2 b- PD occurred in the disk number 6 c- PD occurred in the disk number 10 b c تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Simulation results T= Is/In a b c Figure 52. Frequency spectrum of Is/IN a- PD occurred in the disk number 2 b- PD occurred in the disk number 6 c- PD occurred in the disk number 10 c تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

Coclusion On-line monitoring of PD have lots of advantage than off-line methods Wavelet Transform is a powerful tools for de-noising db8 mother wavelet and soft-thresholding are appropriates for separation noises from PD signals in transformers main zones of frequency content of recorded PD signals in power and distribution transformers are defined as the two following zones, below 1MHz and between 7 to 9 MHz. It has shown through the application of MTL model that by use of winding parameters and frequency content of Is/In one can find the location of PD pulse in the winding. تئوری و تکنولوژی پیشرفته فشار قوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب