Long Term, “festering” causes & the Short Term “spark”

LONG TERM CAUSES- M.A.I.N” 1 - MILITARISM 2 - ALLIANCES 3 - IMPERIALISM 4 - NATIONALISM

1. MILITARISM (building military strength as show of power) UK and Germany compete to build battleships UK fears attack on its colonies by Germany ARMS RACE Technological and organizational advances also help in planning for attacks on colonies UK and Germany compete to build battleships UK fears attack on its colonies by Germany ARMS RACE Technological and organizational advances also help in planning for attacks on colonies

1. MILITARISM Germany was competing with Russia and France to expand their armies Germany 1.3m5.0m France 0.73m4.0m Russia 0.40m1.2m Conscription ($3)used to expand armies Germany was competing with Russia and France to expand their armies Germany 1.3m5.0m France 0.73m4.0m Russia 0.40m1.2m Conscription ($3)used to expand armies

2. ALLIANCES Before war breaks out… The “Triple Alliance “ is a military alliance Germany and Austria-Hungary (1879) Italy joins (1882) ( later switches sides after war starts)

2. ALLIANCES Before war breaks out The “Entente Cordiale OR Triple Entente” (“friendly agreement”) France and Great Britain (1904) Russia joins (1907) Move to protect against the other alliance What advantage does this alliance have over the other?

2. ALLIANCES As war breaks out in 1914… By 1914 all the major powers were linked by a system of alliances. The alliance system made it more likely that a war would start. Once started, the alliances made it more likely to spread

3. IMPERIALISM Each power trying to fulfill “manifest destiny” All the great powers were competing for colonies / territory. The British feared Germany in Africa. The Austrians feared Serbia / Russia in the Balkans Crumbling Ottoman Empire being eyed by the great powers Each power trying to fulfill “manifest destiny” All the great powers were competing for colonies / territory. The British feared Germany in Africa. The Austrians feared Serbia / Russia in the Balkans Crumbling Ottoman Empire being eyed by the great powers

4. NATIONALISM (love of one’s nation or ethnic group and believing it should be autonomous $5) Congress of Vienna (1815)traded peace for instability This was an age when all nations wanted to assert their power and independence. In Europe, The Slavs, aided by Serbia and Russia, wanted to be free of Austrian rule. SLAVS IN AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE (Bosnia)UNHAPPY  Congress of Vienna (1815)traded peace for instability This was an age when all nations wanted to assert their power and independence. In Europe, The Slavs, aided by Serbia and Russia, wanted to be free of Austrian rule. SLAVS IN AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE (Bosnia)UNHAPPY 

History of Short Term Cause: Crisis In The Balkans (peninsula) For centuries the Slavic (slavs) people here have been EITHER under the rule of The Muslim Turks (Ottoman Empire)

Crisis In The Balkans (peninsula) OR they have been under the rule of the Austro- Hungarian Empire (a Germanic People) Neither is ethnically the same as the slavs SERBIANS UNDER A-H EMPIRE FREE SERBS

Crisis In The Balkans (peninsula) Before WWI Bosnia comes under A-H rule (1878). While Serbia gains independence Key green under A-H control blue independent

SERBIA IS FREE BUT THERE ARE ALSO SERBS LIVING IN BOSNIA UNDER THE AUSTRO- HUNGARIAN RULE FREE SERBIA “BOSIAN” SERBS

Crisis In The Balkans (peninsula) 1. What do you think the Serbs want? 2. How do you think they’re treated by the A-H rulers? 3. What methods can they use to get freedom?

Short Term Cause “the spark” This area is the “powder keg” waiting for the “spark.”

Gavrillo Princip Member: Black Hand Archduke Franz Ferdinand Heir: Austro-Hungarian throne Visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia. Gavrillo is apprehended June 28, 1914 HEY! KNOW THIS DATE! The series of alliances were activated. Within 1 month most countries chose sides and were fighting. target

THE GUNS OF AUGUST 1. What should the Central Powers beware of?

The Solution: The Schlieffen Plan 1. Ask Belgians to allow Germany to pass thru it to get to Paris. To avoid French troops 2. Deliver “Knock out blow” at France first, then aim all force at Russia. 3. Germans assumed Britain would not intervene. Plan DID NOT work: ----Defeating France did not happen as fast as the Germans planned. ---Belgians refused to allow “cuts” through their country….Germany had to attack to pass thru. ---AND even though Russians did not have a rail system to use, they mobilized troops quicker than the German counted on. --Germany ends up fighting on two fronts anyway.

SHOULD Britain protect France and defend Belgium? UK & others had signed a Treaty to protect Belgium’s neutrality…Britain HAD to come their aid….for honor! Britain afraid of Germany controlling English Channel ports. If Germany defeated France Would Britain be next? Britain issued ultimatum to Germany to withdraw troops from Belgium. War declared by Britain on Germany August 4, 1914