John Cabot in late 15 th -early 16 th century Discovered parts of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England The first since the Vikings Labrador to New England “the sea is swarming with fish –which can be taken not only with nets, but in baskets let down with a stone” -Cabot

Ocean fisheries boom New technology Government agencies' encouraging Humans thirst: only grew, expanded and increased with time

1800s: Blubber for oil lamp, Anchovy, Sole Mid-1900s: Sardine, Cod and Herring Orange roughy, Patagonian toothfish, and Sablefish “In 2003, a scientific report estimated that industrial fishing had reduced the number of large ocean fish to just 10 percent of their pre-industrial population” – National Geographic's

“Major conservation efforts including cuts in landing quotas have resulted in a 52% recovery in 2010 with an estimated stock of 54,200 tonnes. However, this figure is still well below previous figures - 250,000 tonnes in the 1970s” –National Geographic's NAFO and ICNAF License and quota holders Limiting fishing Problems: several licences, and overestimate the worth of cod and stocks growth rate Coastal Fisheries Protection Act (2012), Canadian Shipping act (2001)

1992 Prevent economic losses and massive unemployment “Although overfishing in international waters did tremendous damage to northern cod, Canada also failed to maintain a sustainable fishery within its 200-mile limit. The government ignored warnings from inshore fishers and university scientists that cod stocks were in danger “ -Innis