You Should Know Bulletin No. 135 © ACPA All Rights Reserved

Performance History Planning Hydrology Hydrology Hydraulics Hydraulics Structural Structural Installation Installation Specifications Specifications Life Cycle Costs Life Cycle Costs VALUE ENGINEERING

PIPE JOINT PERFORMANCE Provide Pipeline Continuity Assure a Smooth Flow Line Resist Exfiltration of Effluent Resist Infiltration of Groundwater and Backfill Material Accommodate Lateral and Longitudinal Movement Resist Shear and Deformation

Notice here how the tie holding the nested pipe in place is causing distortion in the joint bell.

So, what happens when a contractor attempts to put together pipe that has distorted bells. Joint leakage allowing backfill infiltration and ultimately pipe failure.

NEW CONSTRUCTION USING HDPE PIPE WITH JOINT DEFORMATION DURING SITE STORAGE AND ULTIMATELY PIPE FAILURE & REPLACEMENT DEFLECTION RESULTING IN BACKFILL INFILTRATION AT JOINTS

CONCRETE PIPE JOINTS OFFER SEVERAL OPTIONS Confined O- Ring Rubber Gasket Joint Single Offset Rubber Gasket Joint Mastic Sealant Joint Mortar Joint

CONCRETE PIPE JOINTS OFFER SEVERAL ADVANTAGES OVER HDPE PIPE JOINTS Joints are thick and rigid to prevent any deformation Joints and gaskets are governed by national specifications Joints combine great shear strength and flexibility Joints provide excellent watertightness Joints can withstand up to13 psi pressure – the equivalent of 30 feet of groundwater pressure head

Toledo Zoo

Sample Installations

TOLEDO ZOO PARKING LOT DRAINAGE PIPE SIZES & QUANTITIES DRAINAGE PIPE SIZES & QUANTITIES Pipe Size Quantity Pipe Size Quantity (inches) (feet) (inches) (feet)

STORM SEWER PLAN LAYOUT 50,000 Gallon Storage Capacity 8” OUTLET 30”27”24”21”18”15”12” 12” LATERALS

ASTM Standard of Practice D2321 Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications Restrictions on use of Classes of embedment and backfill material Restrictions on use of Classes of embedment and backfill material Maximum particle size Maximum particle size Restrictions on mode of dewatering Restrictions on mode of dewatering Requirements on minimum trench width Requirements on minimum trench width Restrictions and details for support of trench walls Restrictions and details for support of trench walls Specific restrictions on methods of compaction Specific restrictions on methods of compaction Minimum embedment density Minimum embedment density Minimum cover requirements Minimum cover requirements Detailed requirements for manhole connections Detailed requirements for manhole connections Requirements on methods of testing compaction and leakage Requirements on methods of testing compaction and leakage Requirements on deflection and deflection testing Requirements on deflection and deflection testing Limits on usage of trench boxes Limits on usage of trench boxes Select backfill and compaction required to 6”-12” above top of pipe Select backfill and compaction required to 6”-12” above top of pipe

“If the pipe product is approved by the State Department of Transportation, it must be an acceptable pipe material, and, therefore, appropriate for our particular application.” Famous Last Words

Immediately after pipe installation and paving, significant pavement settlement occurred at every 20-foot joint length. Initially, attempts were made to patch the settlement areas, but the pavement settlement became progressively worse after every rain storm. PATCH Saw-cut pavement to remove HDPE pipe PAVEMENT PATCH PATCH PAVEMENT PATCH PATCH

Pipe Joints

TEARING UP NEW PAVEMENT, EXCAVATING and REMOVING FAILED HDPE PIPE REMOVING FAILED HDPE PIPE

STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT

PARKING LOT PARTIAL PAVEMENT REPLACEMENT FOR REMOVAL OF HDPE PIPE and INSTALLATION OF RCP

D E S I G N E N G I N E E R L I A B I L I T Y

Conduit Pipe Structure

Concrete Pipe Structure Conduit

Flexible Pipe Conduit Structure ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? LOW BID INC.

LAWSUITS REPORTED BY ADS for TUBULAR PROFILE WALL HDPE PIPE for TUBULAR PROFILE WALL HDPE PIPE Is It Worth The Risk?

REFERENCES American Concrete Pipe Association You Should Know: #121 Installation Anomalies #128 A Case In Point #131 When is the Correct Pipe Material Important? Concrete Insights: Handling & Installation Comparisons Concrete or HDPE: Strength versus Stiffness Concrete Pipe Joints – Your Best Choice Brochures: Concrete Pipe Joints, Your Best Choice Standard Installations The Infrastructure is Collapsing! Dispatch: A Case in Point for Choosing Concrete Pipe National Specifications: ASTM D 2321, Standard practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity–Flow Applications AASHTO Section 30, LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications