Chromatography Year 12.

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Presentation transcript:

Chromatography Year 12

Chromatography Separation technique that relies on the affinity of components of a mixture to:- A Mobile Phase A Stationary Phase All types of chromatography rely on this Paper chromatography thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography

Chromatography Mobile Phase Stationary Phase This is the phase that is a carrier for the components as they travel through the stationary phase Stationary Phase This is the phase that is stationary!!

Types of Chromatography Paper Chromatography Thin layer chromatography (TLC) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Gas Chromatography (GC) there are more......................

Paper Chromatography Basic technique Stationary Phase – Paper Mobile Phase – Usually water Sample preparation Good for separating water soluble inks Limited types of mobile phases can be used therefore limit to what can be separated Can be slower Detection – naked eye or UV light

Thin Layer Chromatography Improvement on paper technique Stationary Phase – silica or alumina based Acidic, basic, neutral Mobile Phase – solvents (varied polarities) Good for:- Monitoring progress of a reaction Identification of components in a mixture Purity determination Conditions for column separation techniques Semi-quantative Can be quicker than paper – phases Detection – UV light, chemical spray, iodine tank

Rf Values (retention factor) Distance travelled by component Distance travelled by mobile phase Specific to each plate Comparable Each component on plate has unique Rf value

High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mobile phase – solvents/water/mixes Stationary phases – silica based/many types for certain applications Sample preparation Precise injection volumes Composition/flow of mobile phase controlled Oven temperature Widely used in analytical laboratories Quantify components – non volatile mixtures Retention times

Gas Chromatography Mobile phase – unreactive gas (helium, nitrogen) Stationary phases – polymer or liquid on an inert solid support Sample preparation Precise injection volumes Temperature/gas flow control Widely used in analytical laboratories Quantify components – volatile mixtures Retention times

Columns

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Applications in Pharma Industry

Chromatogram

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