Tetuan May 8th, 2002 FIER M a y Morocco's renewable energies for defence against desertification Gerhard Knies*, Abdelaziz Bennouna** *Hamburg Climate Protection Foundation HKF, Hamburg, Germany ** CNRST- TEER Rabat Morocco In this presentation, the renewable energies of Morocco will be analysed wrt. their potential to limit GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and it’s expected most dramatic implication : DESERTIFICATION G.K. is physicist in elementary particle physics, and since 6 years co-founder and president of the Hamburger Climate Protection foundation HKF. My special interest: Synergies from North-South co-operation T e t u a n May 2002

Tetuan May 8th, 2002 FIER The topics 1. General features of Global Climate Change (GCC) 2. Morocco - EARLY VICTIM of GCC 3. Water - bottleneck for domestic development in NA 4. The main climate changers - CO 2 emitters 5. Polluters - Victims 6. Potential and technologies for wind and solar radiation 7. The SOLARTRON: water, electricity, and farm land 8. Clean energy for Europe - big business for Morocco? 9. 3 strategic steps for Morocco

Tetuan May 8th, 2002 FIER Polluters - Victims Main polluters are not main victims (nations)! –Large polluters with low climate sensitivity –small polluters with high climate sensitivity  victims –early climate victims cannot defend themselves against GCC by national measures : nationalised approaches not adequate. Joint solution: co-operative co-generation of –clean electricity for Europe and –desalinated water for Morocco (NA) –by renewable energies  Climate Protection Alliance Morocco (+NA) and Europe (+ former SU).

Tetuan May 8th, 2002 FIER How much SAHARA is needed for solar collectors? Could a North-African Climate Alliance strengthen the national efforts of Ma, Al,Tu, Li, Eg ? If yes - create one! For 1000 TWh/a electricity (10% of EU power + gasolin consumption) by Solar-thermal power plants a total area of 3600 km² for collectors is needed (60km x 60km). COLLECTOR 1 unit IRRIGATED AREA 24 units With their waste heat 40 Billion m³ desalinated water can be produced in co- generation, enough for irriga- ting km² of desert with 500 mm water, as shown with the 2 pink rectangles ( km² each) MSP 2008

Tetuan May 8th, 2002 FIER Synergy of a climate alliance Organise Climate protection as if there were no borders! North Africa (“MED”) has empty space, sun, wind, people to build collectors Europe has technology, capital and demand

Tetuan May 8th, 2002 FIER 1. ) Domestic Solar Start-up Program:  10 MW demo – plant now  2000 MW in 10 years  collector technology (solar steam generator) will mature  solar energy costs will fall  SOLARTRON as core of ”SOLAR OASIS” program: power, fresh water, shade, green land  build collector parts in Morocco: money for domestic jobs instead for oil imports (in Germany, there are now jobs in the wind industry).  begin to produce and to export solar/wind technology and electricity. 2.) North-African Solar Technology Club  Solartron concept attractive for many countries  Libya, Egypt, Jordan, Iran.... already interested !  More users, more developers, faster cost reduction  They all support Morocco’s defence against desertification. 3. ) Climate Protection Alliance with EU, electricity, technology and capital exchange Establish frame of legal regulations and political confidence  Make clean electricity  technically reliable  available by demand (thermal storage)  supplementary to EU-resources (summer/winter)  at lower costs than from EU resources What can Morocco do? - 3 Strategic Steps MASEN DUN Dii GmbH

Tetuan May 8th, 2002 FIER Solar/wind energy cheaper than oil Water for North Africa Solar oasis along coasts Clean electricity and hydrogen for EU Generates jobs in NA instead of CO 2 in EU Reduces conflicts for the limited oil&gas fields Stops climate change and desertification. The „ECO-ALITION“ Europe - North Africa Pursue Your Vision Build Your Dream DESERTEC Foundation will support DISEM.

Tetuan May 8th, 2002 FIER The „ECO-ALITION“ Europe - North Africa Solar/wind energy cheaper than oil Water for North Africa Solar oasis along coasts Clean electricity and hydrogen for EU Generates jobs in NA instead of CO 2 in EU Reduce conflicts for the limited oil&gas fields Stops climate change and desertification.