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ROBOTICS

WHAT IS ROBOTICS THE WORD ROBOTICS IS USED TO COLLECTIVILY DEFINE A FIELD IN ENGINEERING THAT COVERS THE MIMICKING OF VARIOUS HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS SOUND CONCEPTS IN MANY ENGINEERING DISCIPLINES IS NEEDED FOR WORKING IN THIS FIELD IT FIND ITS USES IN ALL ASPECTS OF OUR LIFE

What a Robot can mean? An automatic industrial machine replacing the human in hazardous work. An automatic mobile sweeper machine at a modern home. An automatic toy car for a child to play with. A machine removing mines in a war field all by itself and many more…

ROBOTICS It is a field of Engineering that covers the mimicking of human behavior. Robotics includes the knowledge of Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical & Computer Science Engineering.

Laws of Robotics The term robotics was coined in the 1940s by science fiction writer Isaac Asimov. Asimov's Laws of Robotics: A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such order would conflict with the First Law. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

WHY ROBOTICS ? Speed. It can work hazardous/dangerous environment. To perform repetitive task. Efficiency Accuracy Adaptability

Types of Robot Wheeled Legged Climbing Flying

Components of ROBOTS o Structure o Power source o Actuation o Sensing o Manipulation o Locomotion

Structure The structure of a robot is usually mostly mechanical and can be called a kinematic chain. The chain is formed of links (its bones), actuators (its muscles), and joints which can allow one or more degrees of freedom.

Power Supply Suitable power supply is needed to run the motors and associated circuitry Typical power requirement ranges from 3V to 24V DC 220V AC supply must be modified to suit the needs of our machine Batteries can also be used to run robots Robots are driven by different motors :- o DC Motors o Stepper Motors o Servo Motors

DC Motors o As the name suggests, a motor which uses a DC (Direct Current) power o Can run in both directions o Speed Controllable

Stepper Motors o Used for measured rotation o Can be held at a particular position of the shaft o Ideal for many autonomous robots requiring higher precision

Servo Motors : o Used in closed loop control systems in which work is the control variable. o An integral feedback device (resolver) or devices (encoder and tachometer) are either incorporated within the servo motor or are remotely mounted, often on the load itself

ACTUATION Actuators are the "muscles" of a robot, the parts which convert stored energy into movement. The most popular actuators are electric motors.

MANIPULATION Robots which must work in the real world require some way to manipulate objects; pick up, modify, destroy, or otherwise have an effect. Thus the 'hands' of a robot are often referred to as end effectors, while the arm is referred to as a manipulator. Some manipulators are: o Mechanical Grippers o Vacuum Grippers o General purpose effectors

LOCOMOTION It is concerned with the motion of the robot. Robot contains different types of drives:- o Differential drive o Car type o Skid steer drive o Synchronous drive o Pivot drive o Articulated drive

DRIVE WHEELS NON DRIVEN WHEEL DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE 30

STEERING WHEELS DRIVE WHEELS ACKERMAN DRIVE

DRIVRN FORWARD DRIVEN REVERSE SKID STEER DRIVE

SYNCHRONOUS DRIVE

DRIVE SHAFTROTATING PLATFORM LOWERED PLATFORM PIVOT DRIVE

Pivot Linear Actuator Articulated Drive

ADVANTAGES Revolution in Medical science and Health care systems. New & wide scope in Education & Training. A good help in Nuclear industry. Used tremendously in Sports activities. Play the role of an efficient assistance in Research and Development sciences. Can very well handle household business.

FUTURE PROSPECTS Scientists say that it is possible that a robot brain will exist by Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may come when computers and robots are smarter than humans. In 2009, some robots acquired various forms of semi-autonomy, including being able to find power sources on their own. The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence has researched on this problem.