Kingdom Diversity

3 Domains Domain Archae – contains members of the Kingdom Archaebacteria Domain Bacteria – contain members of the Kingdom Eubacteria Domain Eukarya – contain members of the Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Archaebacteria Prokaryotes Live in extreme environments – Halophiles – salt – Thermoacidophiles – heat, acidic environments – Methanogens – swamps, intestines of cows No layer of peptidoglycan in cell wall Biochemically more related to eukaryotic cells.

Kingdom Eubacteria

Prokaryotes – Three Shapes: – Cocci – round – Baccilli – rods – Spirilla – spirals Layer of peptidoglycan Classified as gram + or gram – Eubacteria cause most bacterial infections – Strep throat – Lactobacillus (yogurt bacteria)

How Bacteria Get Energy Photosynthesis – energy from sunlight Cellular Respiration – energy from break down of organic material Chemosynthesis – energy from chemicals available in the environment Charts pg

Kingdom Protista

Most diverse kingdom – Eukaryotic – Multicellular and unicellular organisms – Photosynthetic or heterotrophic Catch all group of eukaryotic organisms that are not animals, plants or fungus Amoebas, paramecium, algae

Kingdom Protista Animal like-Protozoa Plant like-Algae Fungi like-Slime Molds

How Protists Move Pseudopods – “false feet” Cilia – short, numerous, hair-like structures Flagella – relatively long, whip-like; one or two in number

How Protists Obtain Energy Autotrophic – use photosynthesis (green!!!) Heterotrophic – engulf and digest their food

How Protists Impact Humans Parasitic protists cause some of the world’s most deadly diseases – Malaria – African sleeping sickness Many protists are photosynthetic Beneficial in digestion Diatomaceous earth-toothpaste, pool filters, etc.

Kingdom Fungi

Saprotrophic – externally break down food and absorb it using a structure called hyphae, heterotrophic Feed on dead and decaying material Can cause disease – ring worm, yeast infections

Kingdom Fungi Cell walls contain chitin (polysaccharide) Mushrooms, truffles, yeast Grouped by their reproductive structures

Importance of Fungi to Humans Yeast!!!! Bread, and alcoholic beverages Decomposition – breaking down all the dead materials

Kingdom Plantae

Autotrophic – make their own food through the process of photosynthesis Cell walls contain cellulose Non-motile Nonvascular – moss Vascular Seedless – ferns Gymnosperms – pine trees Angiosperms – flowering plants

Importance of Plants to the World Primary Producers – the energy source in ecosystems Medicines Removing carbon dioxide from the air and producing oxygen Wood for construction Fibers for clothing

Kingdom Animalia

Heterotrophic No cell wall Motile Most recent on the evolutionary time line!