Computer Skills CIS Qais Marji 1

Chapter 6: INTERNET AND 2

What is the Internet?  The internet is the largest computer network in the world, connecting millions of computers.  A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together. 3

two main types of computer networks: 1. Local Area Network (LAN) : A LAN is two or more connected computers sharing certain resources in a relatively small geographic location. 4

two main types of computer networks: 2. Wide Area Network (WAN) : A WAN typically consists of two or more LANs. The computers are farther apart and are linked by telephone lines, dedicated telephone lines, or radio waves.  The internet is the largest Wide Area Network (WAN) in existence. 5

Servers and Clients  A server is a computer that "serves" many different computers in a network by running specialized software and storing information. For example, web pages are stored on servers.  your computer is acting as a client. A client runs familiar software such as web browsers or software, and it communicates with the server to get the information it requires.  In peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, each computer acts as both a server and a client. Examples of P2P software include Skype and BitTorrent. 6

The World Wide Web (WWW)  The internet is the physical network of computers all over the world.  The World Wide Web is a virtual network of web sites connected by hyperlinks (or "links" ). Web sites are stored on servers on the internet, so the World Wide Web is a part of the internet.  The backbone of the World Wide Web is made of HTML files, which are specially-formatted documents that can contain links, as well as images and other media. All web browsers can read HTML files. 7

How is the Internet Used? 1. Finding Information Online : The most common way to find information online is with a search engine “ web site that collects and organizes content form all over the internet. ”. There are many different search engines like excite, lycos, AltaVista, infoseek, yahoo, bing that you can use, but Google is the most popular one. 2. Intelligent Personal Assistants: you can simply talk to your device's. One example is Siri, which comes pre-installed on the iPhone 4S and the iPhone5. 8

How is the Internet Used? 3. Using the Internet to Communicate: Today, there are many different ways to communicate online, including social networking, chat, VoIP, and blogging. A. Social Networking: of the main ways people keep in touch. Below are a few of the most popular social networking sites:  Facebook : used by about one billion people. Us it to keep up with family and friends, and sharing information.  Twitter lets you share brief messages (or "tweets" ) with the entire world, or with just your circle of friends.  LinkedIn is a site that you can use for: business networking. It allows you to connect with other people in your field and find out about out about new job opportunities. 9

How is the Internet Used? B. Chat and Instant Messaging: Chat and instant messaging programs allow you to have conversations with your friends or just write them a quick note. Two examples are Yahoo! Messenger and Microsoft Messenger. Some sites, such as Gmail and Facebook, allow you to chat within your browser. C. VoIP: (Voice over Internet Protocol), allows you to have telephone service through your internet connection. Some services also let you do video conferencing, such as Skype and Facebook Video Calling. Many of these services are free or very inexpensive. 10

How Do I Connect to the Internet?  Once you've set up your computer, you'll probably want to get internet access. Before you can access the internet, there are three things that you need: internet service, a modem, and a web browser. 11

Choosing an Internet Service Which Service is Best for Me?  It all depends on where you live and how much speed you need. Internet Service Providers usually offer different levels of speed based on your needs.  If you're mainly using the internet for and social networking, a slower connection might be all you need,  if you want to download a lot of music or watch streaming movies, you'll want a faster connection. You'll need to do some research to find out what the options are in your area. 12

Choosing an Internet Service  Factors to consider as you research ISPs:  Speed  Price  Ease of Installation  Service Record  Technical Support  Contract Terms 13

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Browser Basics  A web browser is use to access the World Wide Web. The browser’s main job is to display web pages. It also let you create Bookmarks (favorites) for sites which you can easily find them again later.  Common Web Browsers: Chrome and Internet Explorer are the most popular web browsers. Other browsers include Firefox, Safari, and Opera. Each one has its own look and feel, but they have the same goal.  browsers use a Graphical User Interface (GUI). Some devices such as mobile phones use different types of GUIs, such as touchscreens. However, many of the principles remain the same. 15

Browser Basics  Address Bar: Browsers have an address bar that shows the web address (also called a URL) of the page you are on. To go to a different page, you can type an address in the address bar and then press Enter (or Return ). 16

Browser Basics  Links: A link can be text or an image, and it's usually formatted to stand out so you know to click on it. Many text links are blue, and they may also be underlined.  If you're not sure if something's a link, hover the mouse over it. The pointer should change to a hand symbol. 17

Browser Basics  Navigation Buttons: when you want to go back to the previous page. You can do this using your browser's Back button. Once you've pressed the Back button, you can press the Forward button to follow the link again.  You can use the Refresh button (sometimes called Reload ) to tell the browser to load the page again. 18

Browser Basics  Adding Bookmarks: Bookmarks make it easier to find a page later on. Instead of having to remember the exact web address, you can just scroll through your bookmarks until you see the name of the page.  In Internet Explorer 9, you can add a bookmark by clicking the star icon and then selecting Add to Favorites. Other browsers are similar, but they may use different wording. 19

Browser Basics  Downloading Files: browser can display many different types of documents, media, and other files. Download. But there are times when you'll want to access a file outside your browser enables you to do this by putting the file on your computer so that you can access it.  How to Download a File: If you click on a link to a file, it may download automatically, but sometimes it just opens within your browser instead of downloading. To prevent it from opening in the browser, you can right-click the link and select Save Target As... (different browsers may use slightly different wording). You'll be able to choose the folder where the file is saved.  Question: What is a plug-ins? 20

Domain Name Domain Name : A domain name is a string used to name Web sites and other servers on computer networks.  On the Internet, these strings are managed by the Domain Name System (DNS). The DNS uses a system of multi-level strings separated by dots ('.') to organize domain names. 21

Domain Name .com - Stands for company/commercial, but it can be used for any web site. .net - Stands for network and is usually used for a network of sites. .org - Stands for organization and is supposed to be for non-profit bodies. .us,.in - They are based on your country names so that you can go for country specific domain extensions,  biz - A newer extension on the Internet and can be used to indicate that this site is purely related to business, .info - Stands for information. This domain name extension can be very useful, and as a new comer it's doing well, .tv - Stands for Television and are more appropriate for TV channel sites. 22

Domain Name 23

Basics  Getting to Know (electronic mail) is a way to send and receive messages across the internet. 24

25 Electronic Mail  messages travel very quickly and inexpensively  The delivery of messages from one part of a country to another may take minutes  Once a message has been received, it can be saved, printed, edited, forwarded to another user, or deleted  is becoming one of the most widely used services on the Internet:

26 Characteristics is becoming one of the most widely used services on the Internet : 1. Fast 2. Can save messages for future reference. 3. Free of charge.

27 How to get account ?  How to get just ?  Get a free web-based account through yahoo or Hotmail

28 Address An address has two parts: 1. Username 2. Domain Name Address Example:

29 Message’s Parts An message must have at least two parts: 1. Header 2. Body 3. Message Signature (optional)

30 Message’s Parts 1.The Message Header contains information about the message: sender, receiver, date and subject  CC : Carbon Copy  BCC : Blind Carbon Copy 2.The Message body contains the actual message being sent 3.Message Signature (optional) (see next slide)

31 Message Signature  Sometimes, an message contains a third part, called the signature  It is optional, and usually identifies or provides information about the message’s sender

32 Which Program to use? 1. On UNIX you may use Pine or Mailx 2. Netscape’s mail through Netscape Navigator

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1. Inbox The inbox is where you'll view and manage s you receive. s are listed with the name of the sender, the subject of the message and the date received. 34

2. Message Pane When you select an in the inbox, it will open in the Message pane. From here, you can read the message and choose how to respond with a variety of commands. 35

3. Compose Pane  You can click the Compose or New button from your inbox to open the Compose pane to create your own message. From here, you'll need to enter the recipient's address and a subject. You'll also have the option to upload files (photos, documents, etc.) as attachments and add formatting to the message. 36

37 Review  CC : Carbon Copy  BCC : Blind Carbon Copy  Protocols : set of rules  TCP/IP :Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol)  File Transfer Protocol [FTP] use to:  Transfer data files to and from computers around the world?  internet protocol address : IP address  DNS : it is a name addressing system was developed, called domain name system ( DNS )  URL: Uniform Resource Locator  HTML : Hyper Text Markup Language