1 A New 50 Year Transport Plan for Perth Emmerson Richardson

2 What are the Drivers for Change? >Climate change >Road congestion >Health and fitness >Affordable living >Road safety Less dependence on and use of cars

3 We Have a Choice – North American West Coast Comparison Which is the most liveable city?

4 What has Munich Done Right? >Invested heavily in regional rail (S-Bahn) and subway (U- Bahn) since 1970 – four new U-Bahn lines since 1972 >517 kms S-Bahn, 138 kms U-Bahn (with 100 stations) in addition to traditional rail and bus routes >Targeted investment to public transport >One of the most vibrant cities in Europe

5 How does Munich Compare with Like Sized Cities?

6 Melbourne – A Tale of Two Cities Where do Melbournians aspire to live? 2/3 1/3 2/3 4/5

7 Liveable/ Sustainable Cities >Great places for social, cultural and business exchange >Great public places – to walk around or stay a while >Diverse mixed uses – leisure, education, retail, employment and a mix of housing types >Preserve heritage and create new urban art >A human scale of urban design – active interesting streets >Easy to access and move around

8 Transport for Sustainable Cities >Complement and fit the urban form >High capacity access without high numbers of cars >A walkable city – safe, secure, comfortable and convenient >A transit city – more than a city with transit

9 Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - 4th Assessment Report, 2007 “The scientific evidence is now overwhelming: climate change presents very serious global risks and it demands an urgent global response” Stern Review: The Economics of Climate Change “The threat from climate change is perhaps the greatest challenge facing our world. Without decisive and urgent action, it has the potential to be an economic disaster and an environmental catastrophe.” Former British Prime Minister, Tony Blair (March 2007)

10 Transport and Climate Change >Currently 14% of emissions for transport >High growth in transport emissions in Australia: o 28.4% growth (1990 – 2004) o 60.5% estimated growth ( ) under BAU >UK % (1990 – 2002) >USA % (1990 – 2004)

11 Australia: Emissions by Vehicle Type BTRE Report: 2002

12 Transport and Climate Change – International Comparisons AUSTRALIAUKUSA Population20.1 million60.3 million296.4 million Total greenhouse gas emissions 565 mt/yr656 mt/yr7147 mt/yr Total greenhouse gas emissions per person 28.1 t/yr 100% 10.9 t/yr 39% 24.1 t/yr 86% Greenhouse gas from cars per person 2.07 t/yr 100% 1.04 t/yr 50% 3.95 t/yr 191% Analysis of data supplied under UN Framework on Climate Change, 2004

13 Greenhouse Emission Characteristics – International Comparisons Source: Kenworthy, JR: Transport Energy Use and Greenhouse Gases in Urban Passenger Systems: A Study of 84 Global Cities

14 Melbourne/ London Comparison Source: Bus Association Victoria Transport Emissions Report

15 Road Congestion >A major and growing concern in large cities >Warren Centre Market Research (Sydney) found: o Most important transport problems; 42% traffic congestion 12% lack of public transport 11% reliability of public transport o Most favoured transport solutions (public and decision makers); reduce traffic rather than build more freeways improve public transport even at expense of roads budget >Private cars with low occupancy are a major cause of congestion

16 Impact of Road Building on Delay – America’s 20 Biggest Cities Source: Urban Transport Monitor (1999)

17 Impact of Public Transport on Travel Demand – America’s 50 Biggest Cities Source: Rail Transit in America – A Comprehensive Evaluation of Benefits; Litman, T (2004)

18 Health and Fitness >60% of Australian adults overweight or obese (2.5 times higher than 1980) >25% of Australian children overweight or obese >US Surgeon General: “be physically active for at least 30 minutes (adults) and 60 minutes (children) on most days” >Walking (or cycling) as a part of transport can make a difference >WA TravelSmart found improving health and fitness was one of two major motivators to use cars less

19 Affordable Living >Cost of running a car is expensive Source: RACWA Website (2007) * Excludes parking costs

20 International Comparison – Expenditure on Travel Source: Kenworthy and Laube (2001) Millennium Cities, Database for Sustainable Transport

21 Road Safety >Worldwide, over one million people die each year from road crashes and many millions more are injured >More Australian lives lost in road crashes than the more than 100,000 Australians killed in wars

22 Transport Vision >Fast, frequent public transport >Car travel – an important choice mode >Reduced congestion in city/ town centres >More efficient freight movement >Walking and cycling – modes of choice >Better, safer cycling networks and a quality walking environment

23 Integrated Policy and Planning Framework >Most cities have developed transport strategies with a theme of reducing car dependence and improving public transport >No large city in Australia has publicly committed to a plan to implement its strategy >There needs to be a commitment to ensuring future infrastructure development supports agreed policy positions >Establish principles for public transport planning

24 An Integrated Land Use Development and Transport Planning Approach >Urban Development o High to medium density in walking catchments of station o Permeable network of streets that connect communities and retain planning robustness o Mix of uses to encourage walking and reduce driving o Integrate public transport into city development (stops, stations, vehicles, priority routes) o A human scale of urban design with active street fronts and great public places

25 An Integrated Land Use Development and Transport Planning Approach >Transport Planning o Connectivity before capacity in road/ street design o Streets not roads in town and regional centres o Permeable, legible street networks with good walking and cycling access o Parking and other demand management measures to restrain car use o Public transport first for access to city and regional centres o Major roads generally outside town centres to provide access to industrial and car based uses o TravelSmart (behaviour change) programmes to encourage travel change

26 The need for a Long Term (50 Year) Plan A long term plan is needed now. It must: >Be capable of meeting projected long term travel needs >Address the community’s quality of life objectives – specifically drivers for change >Ensure efficient use made of existing infrastructure by increasing people and freight moving capacity through adaptation and renewal >Assess short term projects for compatibility with long term objectives >Be funded and implemented continually and progressively

27 Key Ingredients of a Long Term Plan for Perth >Increase the capacity and frequency of the existing public transport system on an annual basis >Plan and construct new railways, busways and light rail systems >Increase the percentage of public transport services operating on priority routes >Accelerate the development of safe, quality walking and cycling routes within and between centres >Plan and develop high density mixed use communities around transit stations >Limit major urban road construction

28 Increase Capacity of Existing PT System >Increase number of rail cars on existing lines on an annual basis >Increase capacity of the bus system on an annual basis >Enable PT peak spreading by increasing frequency and capacity of bus system feeding rail during shoulder periods – particularly the 6:00 – 7:30 pm period

29 New Major Infrastructure Projects >Extend NS Railway to Yanchep (including bus interchange and bus feeder systems) – by 2015 >Introduce Stage 1 of Perth Inner City Light Rail – UWA to East Perth – by 2015 >Introduce a network of busways or priority bus systems linking centres – from 2015 (e.g. Cannington to Fremantle via Murdoch) >Plan and extend inner city light rail system – from 2015

30 Accelerate the Development of Network City >Substantial expansion of residential and mixed use development around rail stations, e.g. Maylands, Bayswater, Claremont, Cottesloe >Remove zoning constraints within 1km walking distance of major rail stations on NS railway, e.g. Warwick and Whitfords >Create special TOD precincts along established and establishing transit corridors, e.g. Beaufort Street, Stirling Highway, Rockingham Station to Rockingham Beach corridor

31 Limit Major Urban Road Construction >Place a moratorium on major urban road construction except where: o there is a genuine need and priority for freight vehicles o the road construction is primarily for public transport on priority routes >Consider reallocation of road space from general traffic to public transport priority along important community activity corridors

32 Concluding Comments >We are moving along an unsustainable path in our city development and our transport planning >Perth, like most other Australian cities, has accepted sustainable transport planning strategies, but is doing too little and moving too slowly to make any real difference >We need to move quickly to develop and implement a long term sustainable transport plan for Perth