Unit Two: Interpersonal Communication Characteristics of Oral Language

Defining Language Oral Language: language that is spoken and heard rather than written and read Language Has Rules Language is Like a Code ◦ Each language has its own code—a unique system of sounds, symbols, and structures determined by the rules of that language ◦ By understanding the code of a language it is easier to encode and decode ◦ Oral language is considered the primary language. Why?

Basic Characteristics of Oral Language Real World Perceived by Speaker Meaning Vocabulary StructureGrammarSound Message as Heard by Listener In order to understand language as a system, you need to look at the specific series of characteristics and processes that interact to make the language system work.

Characteristics of Oral Language Meaning: what you are trying to communicate ◦ Nothing has meaning unless we assign it meaning. ◦ We use symbols to assign meaning. Activity: Sign Language—What does each sign language picture represent?

Sign Language Meanings

Characteristics of Oral Language Vocabulary: All the word symbols that make up a particular code or language. It is important to build a large and flexible vocabulary. ◦ Language is Symbolic: word symbols have no meanings of their own; the meaning of the symbol resides within the individual. What is the problem with this? ◦ Language has Standards for Appropriateness: Need a large base vocabulary to communicate in a variety of situations, to meet your listeners, your setting, and your task. Can you think of an example? ◦ Language adds Interest to Communication: Can add interest, originality, and clarity to your communication. Activity: Taboo

Characteristics of Oral Language Structure: the way the different parts of a language are arranged.  Both words and sentences must follow an accepted structure to carry meaning to the speaker.  Important in making statements and asking questions. Activity: How is the English language structured? What rules would you teach to a non-English speaker who is visiting Wisconsin? With a partner, create a list of rules pertaining to the English language.

Characteristics of Oral Language Grammar: the basic understandings and rules that regulate the use of a language.  These rules identify all the different components of a language, explain their functions, and dictate the way they are used in communication.  Not all languages observe the same rules. Example: Spanish vs. English

Characteristics of Oral Language Sound: the observable characteristics of oral language.  The way you sound affects the messages you send to others.  The way you sound reflects an image. How you sound is an important part of the message you convey. Activity: Does the sound of a person’s speech influence your opinion of him/her? Look up the following words in a dictionary. How are they supposed to be said? ofteneither arcticwhen herbpicture buttonmilk ruralpillow swordpumpkin