© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1 Technology in Action Chapter 5 Using System Software: The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Management

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2 System Software: The OS Controls computer functionsControls computer functions –Hardware –Processor –Memory –Devices Provides means for software to work with the CPUProvides means for software to work with the CPU Responsible for management, scheduling, and interaction of tasksResponsible for management, scheduling, and interaction of tasks Provides user interfaceProvides user interface

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 3 System Software: Utilities Utilities: Programs that perform computer housekeeping tasksUtilities: Programs that perform computer housekeeping tasks –Manage system resources –Improve efficiency –Virus prevention

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 4 Operating System Categories Four categories:Four categories: –Real-Time (RTOS) –Single-User, Single-Task –Single-User, Multitask –Multiuser

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 5 Real-Time Operating Systems Systems with a specific purpose and a certain resultSystems with a specific purpose and a certain result Uses include:Uses include: –Industrial machines –Robotic equipment –Automobiles –Video game consoles –Home appliances

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 6 Single-User Operating Systems Single-task systems Perform one task at a timePerform one task at a time PDAs:PDAs: –Pocket PC –Palm OS –Windows Mobile MS-DOSMS-DOS Multitask systems Perform simultaneous tasks Windows MAC OS Linux

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 7 Multiuser Operating Systems Known as network operating systemsKnown as network operating systems Allow access to the computer system by more than one userAllow access to the computer system by more than one user Manage user requestsManage user requests Systems include:Systems include: –Linux –UNIX –Novell Netware –Windows Server 2003 –Windows XP –Windows Vista

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 8 Desktop and Notebook Operating Systems Operating system combined with the processor is known as a platformOperating system combined with the processor is known as a platform –Microsoft Windows/Intel –Apple Macintosh/Motorola Desktop and notebook operating systems include:Desktop and notebook operating systems include: –Microsoft Windows –MAC OS –Linux –UNIX

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 9 Microsoft Windows Click to view the various Windows systemsClick to view the various Windows systems Windows XP (2001) Offers a new multi-user desktop as well as improved digital media features and Internet capabilities. Windows ME (2000) This upgrade to Windows 95 and Windows 98 includes system backup and multimedia capabilities (such as Media Player). Windows 2000 (2000) This upgrade to Windows NT offers improvements to file security and Internet support. Windows 98 (1998) This upgrade includes additional file protection and incorporates Internet Explorer 4.0, a customizable taskbar, and desktop features Windows 95 (1995) This operating system runs faster and more efficiently, introduces Plug and Play capabilities, long file names, short- cut right-click menus, and a cleaner desktop. Windows NT (1993) Fundamentally different operating system with increased security, power, performance, and multitasking scheduler. Windows 3.x ( ) First widely used PC graphical user interface (GUI) operating system. Improved point-and-click mouse operations and multitasking capabilities. Windows 2.0 (1987) Includes better graphics capabilities and introduces keyboard shortcuts and the ability to overlap windows. Windows 1.0 (1985) Introduces point-and-click commands with a mouse and includes modest multitasking capabilities and desktop applications.

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 10 MAC OS First commercially available OS with point-and-click technology (graphical user interface)First commercially available OS with point-and-click technology (graphical user interface) Excellent in:Excellent in: –Graphics display –Processing capabilities –System reliability –Document recovery Fewer software applications availableFewer software applications available

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 11 Linux Open-source operating systemOpen-source operating system Based on UNIXBased on UNIX Stable systemStable system FreeFree May be downloaded through the InternetMay be downloaded through the Internet

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 12 Operating Systems for Servers and Mainframes ServersServers –Manage network resources MainframesMainframes –Handle requests from hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously Operating Systems:Operating Systems: –Windows Server –Unix

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 13 UNIX Multiuser, multitask operating systemMultiuser, multitask operating system Used primarily with mainframesUsed primarily with mainframes

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 14 What the OS Does Provides user interfaceProvides user interface Manages the CPUManages the CPU Manages memory and storageManages memory and storage Manages hardware and peripheral devicesManages hardware and peripheral devices Coordinates application software with the CPUCoordinates application software with the CPU

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 15 The User Interface Enables you to interact with the computerEnables you to interact with the computer Types of interfaces:Types of interfaces: –Command-driven interface –Menu-driven interface –Graphical user interface (GUI) Command-driven

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 16 Processor Management Controls the timing of events the processor works onControls the timing of events the processor works on –Interrupts –Interrupt handler –Interrupt table –Stack

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 17 Memory and Storage Management The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and dataThe operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and data RAM Operating System

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 18 Virtual Memory Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is fullInstructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is full –Swap file –Paging –Thrashing Operating System FULL

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 19 Hardware and Peripheral Device Management Device driversDevice drivers –Programs that enable the operating system to communicate with peripheral devices –Provided by the manufacturer of the device Plug and PlayPlug and Play –Hardware and software standard –Facilitates the installation of new hardware

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 20 Software Application Coordination Application programming interfaces (APIs)Application programming interfaces (APIs) –Blocks of code contained in the operating system –Coordinates the operating system with software applications Similar toolbars and menusSimilar toolbars and menus –Microsoft DirectX

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 21 Starting the Computer The Boot Process Step 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activatedStep 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated Step 2: A power-on self-test (POST) checks attached hardwareStep 2: A power-on self-test (POST) checks attached hardware Step 3: The operating system loads into RAMStep 3: The operating system loads into RAM Step 4: Configuration and customization settings are checkedStep 4: Configuration and customization settings are checked

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 22 Handling Errors in the Boot Process Safe modeSafe mode –Windows does not boot properly –Try rebooting –Uninstall any new devices or software

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 23 The Desktop

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 24 Windows

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 25 File Management The operating system provides an organizational structure for the computer’s contentsThe operating system provides an organizational structure for the computer’s contents Hierarchical structure of directoriesHierarchical structure of directories –Drives FoldersFolders  Subfolders »Files

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 26 File Management

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 27 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders Flip 3DFlip 3D

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 28 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders Details viewDetails view

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 29 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders Large Icon viewLarge Icon view

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 30 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders Other views availableOther views available –Tiles view –List view –Small and Medium Icons view

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 31 Naming Files Filename: Name assigned plus filename extensionFilename: Name assigned plus filename extension Characters not legal in Windows filenames:Characters not legal in Windows filenames: “ / \ * ? | : Character not legal in Mac filenames:Character not legal in Mac filenames: : Bioreport.doc or Bio report.doc

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 32 Filename Extensions Extension Type of Document Application.doc Word-processing document Microsoft Word 2003.docx Word-processing document Microsoft Word 2007.wks Word-processing document Microsoft Works word processing.wpd Word-processing document Corel WordPerfect.xlsSpreadsheet Microsoft Excel.slrSpreadsheet Microsoft Works spreadsheet.mdbDatabase Microsoft Access.ppt PowerPoint Presentation Microsoft PowerPoint.pdf Portable Document Format Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 33 Filename Extensions (cont.) Extension Type of Document Application.rtfText Any program that can read text documents.txtText.htm or.html Web page HyperText Markup Language.bmp Bitmap image Windows.zip Compressed file WinZip

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 34 File Path File path: Location of the fileFile path: Location of the file

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 35 Working with Files File management actions:File management actions: –Open –Copy –Move –Rename –Delete Recycle BinRecycle Bin

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 36 Utility Programs Small programs that perform special functions:Small programs that perform special functions: –Manage system resources –Create pleasant environment –Improve efficiency

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 37 Display Utilities Change the appearance of:Change the appearance of: –Desktop –Windows colors –Font sizes Includes:Includes: –Screen savers –Screen resolution –Clear Type

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 38 Add or Remove Programs Installation wizardInstallation wizard Uninstall wizard:Uninstall wizard: –Programs cannot simply be deleted

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 39 File Compression Utilities Reduce the size of a fileReduce the size of a file Takes out redundanciesTakes out redundancies Makes it easier and faster to send files over the InternetMakes it easier and faster to send files over the Internet

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 40 System Maintenance Utilities Disk cleanup: Cleans unnecessary filesDisk cleanup: Cleans unnecessary files

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 41 System Maintenance Utilities Disk defragmenterDisk defragmenter ScanDisk:ScanDisk: –Error-checker Task ManagerTask Manager

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 42 System Restore Restores system settings to specific dateRestores system settings to specific date

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 43 System Backup BackupBackup –Creates copy of hard drive to another storage device Task SchedulerTask Scheduler –Runs selected utilities automatically

© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 44 Accessibility Utilities Ease of Access CenterEase of Access Center –Centralized location for assistive technology