+ Making Home Differential Inclusion & Transnational Ties

+ Questions, Chs 1-4 of Homebound What does it mean to say that” home is both an imagined and an actual geography” (2)? What are the macro and micro forces that influence Filipino immigration into the US (24)? What does YLE mean when she states that the position of Filipinos in the US is one of “differential inclusion”47? How do transnational ties sustained by Filipino immigrants resist this position of “differential inclusion” (71)?

+ Where is home? Home as more than physical space and location Two meanings of home: Private domestic space Larger geographic place – community, village, city, country Homemaking How memories of homeland are used to negotiate new home locations Processes of inclusion & exclusion; nurturing & conflict Reaction to state-enforced homelessness and scattered hegemonies

+ Macro & Micro Push/pull vs macro/micro forces Powerlessness vs agency Macro forces US (neo)colonial exploitation Ex. Filipino naval stewards Mismanagement of Philippine economy Needs of globalized capitalism OFW – overseas Filipino worker Mirco forces Gender, generation, class, culture Kinship, hometown, and other ties of affiliation

+ Differential Inclusion Definition: “the process whereby a group of people is deemed integral to the nation’s economy, culture, identity and power – but integral only or precisely because of their designated subordinate standing” (47) “to be included in the US nation is simultaneously to be rendered homeless” (47) Challenges myth of “voluntary” immigration & highlights parallels between differential inclusion of Filipinos, Native Americans, African Americans (53) “the Philippines and its people were forcibly and differentially included in the American empire because they were absolutely critical to American economic development, to the reconstruction of white manhood, and to the larger project of nation building” (56)