The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces – application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems João Carvalho Miguel R. O. Panão António.

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The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces – application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems João Carvalho Miguel R. O. Panão António L. N. Moreira IN+, Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research Mechanical Engineering Department Instituto Superior Técnico Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon, Portugal

The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces - application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems Cryogen Spray Cooling systems Spray Cooling in Port-Fuel Injection systems example of Port Wain Stain treatment

The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces - application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems Fuel Spray fuel characteristics injection conditions surrounding environment injector position & orientation Breakup and Vaporization Vapor Fuel/Air Mixture DropletLiquid Film impingement adherence vaporization adherence secondary atomization vaporization secondary breakup air carry flow through solid surfaces Panão and Moreira, Experimental Characterization of an Intermittent Gasoline Spray Impinging Under Cross-Flow Conditions, Atomization and Sprays, vol. 15, , T inj Concept of Duty Cycle in a pulsed spray  t inj

The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces - application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems Sample rate = 50kHz Gain TC = 300

The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces - application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems Panão and Moreira, Thermo- and fluid dynamics characterization of spray cooling with pulsed sprays, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, in Press. f inj = 30 Hz  t inj = 5 ms r = 0 mm

The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces - application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems 1.To develop of a simple method to describe the overall thermal interaction, which accounts for the complex non-linear interactions.

The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces - application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems N series  Step 1 – Calculate Ensemble-Average Series Average over  70 Series ensemble-average series

The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces - application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems Step 2 – Phase-Average Wall Temperature -5% of T w (t=0) valid injections (N vinj ) ensemble-average series

The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces - application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems Step 3 – Total Average Heat Flux Phase-Average Wall Temperature Transient Profile Reichelt et al., Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 45 (2002), pp579. instantaneous heat flux CALCULATION

The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces - application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems Reichelt et al., Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 45 (2002), pp579. T w = 125ºC f inj = 10Hz time-average heat flux

The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces - application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems Step 3 – Total Average Heat Flux total average heat flux T w = 125ºC f inj = 10Hz OVERALL BOILING CURVE

The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces - application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems Step 4 – Spray Cooling Efficiency spray cooling efficiency

The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces - application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems 1.To develop of a simple method to describe the overall thermal interaction, which accounts for the complex non- linear interactions. 2.To quantify the effects of injection frequency on the heat removed by the spray.

The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces - application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems (mm)  r = 2 mm Sample rate = 50kHz Gain TC = 300 Working Conditions Injection frequency = 10, 15, 20 and 30 Hz Duty Cycle = 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 and 0.15 (  t inj = 5ms) Wall temperature = 125, 150, 175, 200 and 225ºC

The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces - application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems Overall Boiling Curves

The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces - application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems Spray Cooling Efficiency

The Thermal Interaction of Pulsed Sprays with Hot Surfaces - application to Port-Fuel Gasoline Injection Systems

A novel methodology is developed to quantify the thermal interaction of pulsed sprays with hot surfaces. Total average heat flux increases with injection frequency due to an increase in net mass flux. Nukiyama temperature is independent of injection frequency. Spray cooling efficiency is larger for CHF and lower injection frequencies.