Isotopes and Mass Number. Atomic Number The number of protons in each atom identifies it as an atom of a particular element Each atom has a unique number.

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Presentation transcript:

Isotopes and Mass Number

Atomic Number The number of protons in each atom identifies it as an atom of a particular element Each atom has a unique number of protons and, in effect, the number of protons cannot change for a particular atom The Periodic Table is organized by increasing atomic number (left-to-right and top-to-bottom) All atoms are neutral, so the # protons = the # of electrons because the number of positive charges equals the number of negative charges Atomic # = # of protons = # electrons For Helium, the atomic # is 2. So, we know that Helium also has 2 protons and 2 electrons

Determining the State of Matter of a Particular Element Using the Periodic Table

The order of the elements on the Periodic Table is based on the number of protons in the nucleus. How Atoms Differ Protons are the only thing in an atom that does not change.

How many protons does Platinum have? How many neutrons does Mercury have? How many electrons does Lead have? What similarities do these three elements share? Proton, Neutron, Electron Practice The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number. Also since the positive charges must equal the negative charges to have a neutral atom, and all atoms are neutral, the atomic number will also equal the number of electrons in an atom. What is the atomic number of this atom? What is the element?

Isotopes All atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons and electrons The number of neutrons may differ In nature most elements are found as a mixture of isotopes Don't be an isodope, learn about an isotope.

Isotopes and Mass Isotopes differ in mass Isotopes of an atom have the same chemical behavior. Why? ?

Mass Number Identifies each of the isotopes of an element Ag Ag Mass number = top Atomic number = bottom # neutrons = mass # - atomic #

Isotopic Notation Worksheet SymbolIsotope Name Atomic ## p+# n 0 Mass ## e- 3H3H 20 F 24 Si 5676

Banana Isotope 93.25% of K atoms have 20 neutrons % of K atoms have 22 neutrons.0117% of K atoms have 21 neutrons

Potassium Isotope Potassium-39Potassium-40Potassium-41 protons19 neutrons electrons19

Mass of Individual Atoms The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average mass of the isotopes of that element To determine the weighted average atomic mass of an element, calculate the mass contribution of each of the isotopes and add the values together

Weighted Average Atomic Mass Cl Cl Atomic mass: amu Atomic mass: amu Percent abundance: % abundance: %Mass Contribution: (34.969)(.75770)= amu(36.966)(.24230)=8.957 amu Weighted average atomic mass of chlorine = ( amu amu) = amu

Steps to Solving Weighted Averages of Isotopes 1. Turn the % into a decimal for the % abundance. 2. Multiply the decimal by the atomic mass of each particular isotope. 3. Add the masses of the isotopes together. 4. Your answer will be in amu’s (atomic mass units).

You try one….. Calculate the atomic mass of Magnesium. The three Magnesium isotopes have atomic masses and relative abundances of amu (79.99%), amu (10.00%), and amu (11.01%).

Weighted Averages of Isotopes Practice I 1. What is the atomic mass of this sample of Silver? 107 Ag amu 52 % 109 Ag amu 48 % 2. What is the average atomic mass of this sample of Hydrogen? 1 H 12 % 2 H 48 % 3 H 40 %

Weighted Averages of Isotopes Practice I Continued 3. Boron has two naturally occurring isotopes, Boron-10 (abundance 19.8%, mass = amu, Boron –11 ( abundance 80.2%, mass = amu). Calculate the average atomic mass of Boron.