TOPIC 1: Isotopes. Potassium-39 93.25% Potassium-40 6.73% Potassium-41 0.12% PROTONS ELECTRONS NEUTRONS 19 20 2221 There are 3 isotopes of K atoms.

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Presentation transcript:

TOPIC 1: Isotopes

Potassium % Potassium % Potassium % PROTONS ELECTRONS NEUTRONS There are 3 isotopes of K atoms

What are isotopes? -ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT: WITH the same # of but DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS p+

Example 1:

Example 2:

5 Postulates of Dalton’s Atomic Theory Which two are incorrect? Why? 1.All matter is made of extremely small particles called atoms. 2.All atoms of a given element are identical, having the same size, mass, and chemical properties. Atoms of a specific element are different from those of any other element. 3.Atoms cannot be created, divided into smaller particles, or destroyed. 4.Different atoms combine in simple whole- number ratios to form compounds. 5.In a chemical reaction, atoms are separated, combined, or rearranged.

Two ways to write the symbol for an isotope: K Mass # Potassium- 39 Atomic # Mass Number = # protons + # neutrons

How many p +, e -, & n 0 are contained in each of the following atoms? 1. gallium - 64 p+ = 31 e- = Cs 55 p+ = 55 e- =  n 0 =  n 0 = 77

Isotope Similarities: b. Chemically and Physically alike Why? a. Same # of p+ and e - Same # of valence electrons  determine chemical behavior

Isotope Differences: a. Different # of neutrons c. Different masses b. Different mass numbers

isotope Atomic # Mass # #P+#P+ #E-#E- #n0#n0 Symbol NEON Calcium Ne Ca