IMPORTANT DATA Bilingual Basics -- J.P. Osterling & G.S. Kasun 7/20/ Section I: US Immigration and Education

U.S. Immigration – Overview (Urban Institute, 2006) 7/20/2009 Bilingual Basics -- J.P. Osterling & G.S. Kasun 2 Immigrants comprise over 12 % of the U.S. population.  If current trends continue, children of immigrants will represent at least a quarter of all U.S. children by Four-fifths of children of immigrants were born in the United States and, are therefore, citizens.  Most children of immigrants—61 % in 2003—live in “mixed families,” families in which one or more children are citizens but one or more parents are noncitizens.

U.S. Educational Data Institute for Educational Sciences 3/28/ In the school year,  97,000 public schools  3.1 million teachers  49.1 million public school students  56.5% were White, non-Hispanic;  20.5 % were Hispanic;  17.1 % were Black, non-Hispanic;  4.7 % were Asian/Pacific Islander; and  1.2 % were American Indian/Alaska Native

Immigration: An Important Factor in the Demand for Education 7/20/2009 Bilingual Basics -- J.P. Osterling & G.S. Kasun 4 In 2006, the foreign-born made up 7% of the total 79.1 million student population of those age 3 and older enrolled in school. Of this total:  8.9 million were enrolled in nursery school, preschool, or kindergarten.  More than one half, 49.8 million, was enrolled in grades 1 through 12.  20.5 million were enrolled in college or graduate school.

English Language Learners 7/20/2009 Bilingual Basics -- J.P. Osterling & G.S. Kasun 5 How many school-aged English Language Learners (ELLs) are there in the U.S? According to data from the states, approximately 5,074,572 ELLs are enrolled in grades pre-k through 12. SOURCE: National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition (2009). Frequently Asked Questions.

In both elementary (pre-k to grade 5) and secondary (grades 6-12) education, more ELLs in America are native born than are foreign born. In elementary grades, 24% of ELLs are foreign- born (first generation Americans), while 44% of secondary ELL students are foreign-born.. 7/20/2009 Bilingual Basics -- J.P. Osterling & G.S. Kasun 6 The Majority of ELL Students are Born in the United States

DocumentedDocumented Undocumented 7/20/2009 Bilingual Basics -- J.P. Osterling & G.S. Kasun Temporary, or “Nonimmigrant”  Visa Types – “Alphabet soup” [F, J, H,M] Temporary Protected Status (TPS) Permanent, or “Immigrant” (“green cards”) Refugee or asylum The U.S. Census Bureau estimates that in the year 2000, approximately 2.5 million undocumented youth under age 18 were living in the U.S. Each year, over 65,000 undocumented students graduate from U.S. high schools. 7 Immigrant Students

Legal Status of Foreign-Born Living in the United States 30% are Naturalized US Citizens 31% are Legal Permanent Residents 5% are Legal Temporary Residents 8 % are Refugee Arrivals 26% are Undocumented Immigrants 7/20/2009 Bilingual Basics -- J.P. Osterling & G.S. Kasun 8

U.S. Foreign-Born Population Size & Composition 7/20/2009 Bilingual Basics -- J.P. Osterling & G.S. Kasun 9 Approximately, 38.1 million foreign-born people lived in the United States in Country of birth:  Mexico, more than 11.7 million people;  China (1.9 million),  The Philippines (1.7 million),  India (1.5 million),  El Salvador and Vietnam (both at 1.1 million). Source: U.S. Census Bureau – NewsroomU.S. Census Bureau – Newsroom February 19, 2009

Education: Urban Institute /20/2009 Bilingual Basics -- J.P. Osterling & G.S. Kasun 10 Children of immigrant parents—whether legal or illegal— are the fastest growing segment of the nation's child population. There are over 5 million children living with undocumented parents. Even in families in which parents are undocumented, two-thirds of the children are U.S.-born citizens. Children who are U.S. citizens are entitled to public benefits, but their undocumented parents may be reluctant to approach public institutions for services because they fear deportation. Unauthorized parents also often work at low-paying jobs.

Focus on Students: Existing Situation 7/20/2009 Bilingual Basics -- J.P. Osterling & G.S. Kasun 11 Most young immigrants have no way of changing their legal status independent of their parents; Immigrant students are able to apply and be accepted to college, regardless of immigration status, although many times, the paperwork is even more cumbersome and admissions staff members may not be helpful. Immigrant students with temporary residency (e.g., F- 1 or J-1 visas) or who those who are undocumented, are not eligible for federal or state financial aid, not eligible for in-state-tuition rates at public colleges and universities, and must pay out of state or foreign student tuition rates.