Israel: How It Got Complicated Zionism, Mandates & World Wars Should Israel Give Up Land in Exchange for Peace?

What have we learned thus far? Anti-Semitism runs deep Persecution Scapegoating Outsider Status

Theodor Herzl’s Zionism Goal: A Jewish nation in Palestine “Next Year in Jerusalem” Why? Escape Anti-Semitism in the West Trigger event? Dreyfus Affair Emile Zola exposes corruption Divides Europe

WW1 makes it Complicated… Ottoman Empire v. Allies in Middle East Arabs help Allies defeat Ottoman Empire Why? TE Lawrence

WW1 makes it Complicated… Hussein – McMahon Letters (1915) GB agrees to give land to Arabs lost by OE GB agrees to Arab independence Misunderstanding: Palestine “pure” Arab or not? Sykes – Picot Secret Agreement (1916) GB + France “spheres of influence” in Middle East Balfour Declaration (1917) GB supports a Jewish homeland in Palestine

Post – WW1 Mandates… More Complications Arabs disappointed b/c Mandates = GB + French control

The British Mandate: Created 1922 Palestine + Transjordan

1920s Jewish Immigration… Complications In 1920: 10 Arabs to 1 Jew 1947: 2 Arabs to 1 Jew Jews settlements formed “kibbutz system” = communal life Arabs felt they were losing their land!

1920s Jewish Immigration > Arab Riots 1929 Jewish ImmigrationTo Palestine Izbah Al-Yahud! Slaughter All Jews! Afraid they were losing their land

Arab Goals: End Jewish immigration to Palestine Stop land sales to Jews Create a new elective government Jewish ImmigrationTo Palestine s Jewish Immigration > Arab Riots

Arab Riots lead to Peel Commission Partition Plan 1937… A Solution? Rejected!

British White Paper 1939… Complications Limited Jewish Immigration to 75k over next 5 years Ended Jewish land purchases Palestinian Independence within 10 years GB Policy Change Palestine NOT to be a Jewish State

Essential Question: How did Great Britain’s actions in Palestine contribute to conflict between Jews and Arabs? Answer this Q in a well-written Paragraph

WW2 Erupts 1939! Nazi Germany Attacks! GB creates the “Arab Legion” to fight Nazis & their allies GB creates “Jewish Brigade” to fight Nazis & their allies

Hitler’s “Final Solution” = genocide! the Jewish population circa 1942

Nazi Concentration & Extermination Camps

The Nazi Holocaust: 6 Million Jews murdered plus others…

WW2 Ends, Nazis Defeated… Now What?

Where can the Jewish Refugees / Displaced Persons go?

Aliyah Bet: Illegal Jewish Immigration 1940s

Palestine Population 1946 Red = Palestinians Blue = Jews

Aliyah Bet: Illegal Jewish Immigration 1940s Illegal Jewish immigration to Palestine SS Exodus 1947 GB refuses Jews entry into Palestine Mass Protests

British Detention Camps: Cyprus Jews intercepted & denied access to Palestine

Jewish “Freedom Fighters” or “Terrorists?” Avraham Stern & The Stern Gang Irgun Zvai Leumi [Natl. Military Org.]

The Underground

UN Partition Plan 1947 Arab nations Reject the Plan! Arabs do not believe Jews should be allowed a State!

Israel Declares Independence: May, 14, 1948

Arab-Israeli War: May 15, Arab Nations Attack Israel Israelis WIN!!! Israel established but… neighbors are hostile!

Palestinian Arab Refugees 1948: Palestinian Diaspora

Arab- Israeli Armistice 1949 Jordan controls West Bank Egypt controls Gaza Strip Syria owns Golan Heights

Six Day War 1967 Israel anticipates attack by Egypt Israel strikes 1 st ! Israel crushes Egypt and seizes land! Gaza, Golan & West Bank now Israeli More Arab & Palestinian refugees!

Israel vs. PLO ’72 Munich Olympics Black September Terrorist Group Captures 11 Israeli Athletes Murders all 11 PLO & Yasir Arafat Demands a Palestinian State Global Terror Hijack, assassinate, bomb, murder

Yom Kippur War 1973 Jewish Holy Day Israel attacked by Egypt & Syria Egypt and Syria catch Israelis off-guard Israelis rally to win Israel withdraws from Sinai Other Borders remain

Peace Attempted Camp David Accords 1979 Anwar Sadat (E) + Menachem Begin (Is) Israel gives back Sinai in xΔ for peace Egypt recognizes Israel Israel keeps Golan Hts Palestinian Rights guarantee Sadat assassinated 1981

Intifada: Palestinian Uprisings Intifada: ’87 - today Civil Disobedience Protests Uprisings Rocket attacks Pressure Israel to: Recognize Palestinian rights Create a Palestinian State Remove Jews from Gaza & West Bank

Israeli Border Fence in West Bank

Peace Attempted… Again Oslo Accords 1993 Yitzak Rabin (Is) + Yasir Arafat (PLO) Palestinian self-rule in Gaza + West Bank No more PLO Terror Israel can exist Terror continues Rabin assassinated ’95 Current Debate Israeli Settlements in Gaza & West Bank? Rights? Terror: Hamas? Hezbollah?

Essential Question: Should Israel give up land in exchange for peace? Use your document evidence and class notes to establish the case for both the YES and NO responses