What are the issues for people living in poorer parts of the world? U: why squatter settlements develop and how this effects people’s lives K: of different strategies to improve squatter settlements in LIC’s: 1. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2. Gabarone, Botswana

What are the issues for people living in poorer parts of the world? The speed of urbanisation in many poorer areas of the world results in squatter settlements e.g. With a population of 300,000 Rocinha, is one of Rio de Janeiro’s largest favelaspoorer areas The squatter settlements are built as part of the informal sector. This is where jobs are created by people trying to get any income e.g. Washing cars or shoe shining

Why do squatter settlements develop?squatter settlements The Paraisópolis favela (Paradise City shanty town) borders the rich district of Morumbi in São Paulo, Brazil.favela Read P.194 and complete question 1 and 3 They usually develop because of rapid rural-urban migration. People move to cities for many reasons,(push and pull factors) but the rate of urbanisation in many countries means that the government cannot cope/have time – water, sewage, waste, housing. Where do squatter settlements develop?settlements Squatter settlements Squatter settlements usually develop in the less pleasant parts of the city, such as steep hillsides or swampy areas. They are found in many poor countries e.g. Kibera, in Kenya’s capital What are they like? – P.194

How can squatter settlements in poorer countries be improved? 19 th March 2014cansettlements Government strategies to improve shanty towns 1. Slum clearance. Some governments just want to get rid of shanty towns as they look unsightly. So they just bulldoze and clear the site. 2. Self –help schemes. Residents improve their homes themselves. They might get help from local authorities, or from non-governmental organisations (NGOs), e.g. by providing things like cheap building materials. 3. Site and service schemes – local authorities provide a site for new building (i.e. the land) and set up basic services like water, electricity and drainage, but the rest is down to the new residents

Gabarone and Old Naledi – an example of a self help scheme. 1. Describe the location and explain how the area developed by What did Gaborone's city council want to do? Explain what they did instead. 3. Draw a flow diagram or summarise the 3 phases of the self help scheme

What have been the effects of rapid urbanisation in poorer countries? 23 rd March 2015 U: the environmental problems caused by rapid urbanisation K: of how Mumbai is reducing it’s air pollution Environmental problems

1. The problem of waste in Mombasa, KenyaMombasa, Kenya Watch the video clip – How do the poor benefit? 2. Air pollution in IndiaIndia Watch the video clip – What are the main causes of pollution?

3. Water pollution on the Ganges riverGanges river The Ganges River is a sacred Indian river that flows in the North of the country. Pollution of the Ganges has become so serious that bathing in and drinking its water has become very dangerous. The major polluting industry along the Ganges is the leather industry from which Chromium and other chemicals leak into the river. Ganges River Another huge source of pollution is that of the nearly 1 billion litres of mostly untreated raw sewage that enters the river every day. Inadequate cremation procedures result in partially burnt or unburnt corpses floating in the river.

How is Mumbai tackling air pollution?Mumbai 1. Why is air pollution a problem in Mumbai? 2. What is being done to cut air pollution?pollution Read P.199 and give me three reasons. Now complete Q1 and 4 P.199

4. How is the Ganges river being cleaned up? The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) was set up in 1985 by the Indian government with British and Dutch support to build a number of waste treatment facilities. Under the GAP sewage is intercepted and water is diverted for treatment and several electrical crematoria have been built. 5. LAND POLLUTION: Dharavi slum, Mumbai, India - recycling of wastesrecycling of wastes Now complete questions 1,2 and 4 P.199

Review of past paper question – Restless Earth 21 st March 2014 June 2010 /25 (/21) % Grade Review Q1aii – How well did you do? /4 why? Review Q1c – Which level did you get? /9 What do you need to do to achieve Level 3?