Pg. 8 #10-12.

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Presentation transcript:

Pg. 8 #10-12

Homeostasis and Feedback Loops

Definitions Homeostasis – state of balance in the body Stimulus- something in the environment that causes a change (can be internal) Response – action of organism as a result of stimulus Feedback mechanisms/loops – processes by which the body maintains levels Usually uses nervous and hormonal cues to conduct processes

Steps in a Homeostatic process When a stimulus occurs, each of these steps must occur in order for a response to be initiated 1) receptor must recognize stimulus Must be enough of a stimulus to surpass nervous threshold

Sensory Neuron 2)sensory neuron must transmit message from the receptor, to a control center Neuron = nerve cell Most receptors are bundled together on individual neurons by region

Control center 3)message is carried to a control center (usually in brain), where the message is interpreted, and the correct response is coordinated. In the case of a reflex action, spinal chord is C.C.

Motor neuron 4)Carries message from control center to effector organ dictating response

Effector organ 5)Receives message and conducts actual response

Afferent vs. Efferent pathway Afferent pathway Includes receptor and sensory neuron (aka afferent neuron) Efferent pathway Includes motor neuron (efferent neuron) and effector organ

Positive Feedback loop Process by which stimulus causes a response which will increase the stimulation Ie. Oxytocin in childbirth Rate constantly increases until action is complete Least common

Graph of Positive Feedback X-axis is time Y-axis is hormone secreted

Negative Feedback loops Receptors detect change and initiate response that will counter that change Tries to maintain a median Ie. Blood glucose, temp, blood O2/CO2 levels (draw graph from board into your notes)

Example: Breathing Pattern Body is designed to detect blood pH. Too high = too much CO2 Receptor = chemoreceptors in arteries Afferent neuron = vagus nerve C.C. = brain stem Efferent neuron = phrenic nerve Effector organ = intercostals and diaphragm High pH will trigger quicker breathing, lower pH will slow it down (negative feedback)