Class #12: Thursday, July 22 Climate types Chapter 17 1Class #12, Thursday, July 22

Global Climate Chapter 17 2Class #12, Thursday, July 22

A World with Many Climates  Micro, meso, macro  Global Climate  Climate controls Latitude Land and water Ocean currents Prevailing winds Pressure cells Mountain barriers Altitude 3Class #12, Thursday, July 22

A World with Many Climates Global temperatures – East-west isotherms – Bends or kinks due to ocean currents and continents Global precipitation – Precipitation occurs consistently where low pressure belts exist in the Global Circulation Model – Mountains, rain shadow 4Class #12, Thursday, July 22

Fig. 17-CO, p Class #12, Thursday, July 22

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Fig. 1, p Class #12, Thursday, July 22

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A World with Many Climates Topic: Precipitation Extremes – Rainiest locations on windward side of mountains – Driest locations in frigid polar regions 12Class #12, Thursday, July 22

Climate Classification  The Ancient Greeks Tropical, temperate, and polar zone  The Köppen System Waldimir Köppen Related vegetation and climate in order to predict climate types in areas without climate data  The Thornthwaite System P/E ratio, P/E Index Potential Evapotranspiration 13Class #12, Thursday, July 22

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Stepped Art Fig. 17-6, p Class #12, Thursday, July 22

The Global Pattern of Climate Tropical Moist Climates (Group A) – General characteristics: year-round warm temperatures abundant rainfall – Extent: northward and southward from the equator to about 15º to 25º – Major Types: tropical wet (Af), tropical monsoon (Am), tropical wet and dry (Aw) 16Class #12, Thursday, July 22

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Table 17-1a, p Class #12, Thursday, July 22

Table 17-1b, p Class #12, Thursday, July 22

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The Global Pattern of Climate Dry Climates (Group B) – General Characteristics: deficient precipitation most of the year; potential evaporation and transpiration exceed precipitation – Extent: the subtropical deserts extend roughly 20º and 30º latitude in large continental regions of the middle latitudes, often surrounded by mountains – Major Types: arid (BW), semi-arid (BS) 27Class #12, Thursday, July 22

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The Global Pattern of Climate Observation: Deserts with Clouds and Drizzle – A desert that owes it existence, in part, to its proximity to cold ocean water and, in part, to the position and air motions of the subtropical high pressure cell. 33Class #12, Thursday, July 22

Fig. 2, p Class #12, Thursday, July 22

The Global Pattern of Climate Moist Subtropical Mid-latitude Climates (Group C) – General Characteristics: humid with mil winters – Extent: on the eastern and western regions of most continents, from about 25º to 40º latitude – Major types: humid subtropical (Cfa), marine (Cfb), Mediterranean (Cs) 35Class #12, Thursday, July 22

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The Global Pattern of Climate  Moist Continental Climates (Group D) General characteristics: warm-to-cool summers and cold winters; winters are severe with snowstorms, blustery winds, bitter cold; climate controlled by large continents Extent: north of moist subtropical mid-latitude climates Major types: humid continental with hot summers (Dfa), humid continental with cool summers (Dfb), subpolar (Dfc) 40Class #12, Thursday, July 22

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Table 1, p Class #12, Thursday, July 22

Fig. 3, p Class #12, Thursday, July 22

Fig. 4, p Class #12, Thursday, July 22

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The Global Pattern of Climate Topics: Dry Spells and Drought – Drought :a period of abnormally dry weather – Dry spell: normal seasonal dry period 48Class #12, Thursday, July 22

The Global Pattern of Climate Polar Climates (Group E) – General Characteristics: year-round low temperatures – Extent: northern coastal areas of North America and Eurasia; Greenland and Antarctica – Major types: polar tundra (ET), polar ice caps (EP) 49Class #12, Thursday, July 22

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The Global Pattern of Climate Highland Climates (Group H) – Decrease in temperature with elevation – Vertical zonation 53Class #12, Thursday, July 22

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Table 17-2, p Class #12, Thursday, July 22

Table 17-3, p Class #12, Thursday, July 22