Millennium Development Goals The Millennium Development Goals was created by the United Nations in effort to fight problems that many countries were facing. It was created in 2000, and consists of eight specific goals supported by 189 different countries around the world. The plan is for each country to have met certain targets for each goal by the year 2015. We will be comparing statistics in the country of Qatar and the country of Guyana, to show how they are doing on the eight millennium development goals. Garrett Mackay is adopted into the country of Qatar, and Scott Shwieger is adopted into the country of Guyana.

1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger The two statistics that we are going to be comparing for this goal is each countries unemployment rate and their population below poverty line. Unemployment rate is a percentage of the labor force without jobs. The population below poverty line is a percentage of people in the country that fall below the countries poverty line. We see that Qatar is better off. Their economy and industries produce way more and allow them to be better off financially and ultimately better supporting their population. With a working economy people are capable of getting work and providing for their families. In Guyana there is not as much opportunity for work, and thus a lot more poverty, stealing, and crime as people are trying to provide. Qatar Guyana Unemployment Rate: 0.5% (est. 2012) 11% (est. 2007) Pop. Below Poverty Line: N/A 35% (est. 2006)

2. Achieve Universal Primary Education The three statistics that we are going to be comparing for this goal is each countries education expenditures, literacy, and school life expectancy. The education expenditures is a percent of the countries GDP budgeted to education. Literacy is the percentage of the country that is able to read and write at a given age. The school life expectancy is the total number of years of schooling that a child can expect to receive. . While Guyana puts a larger percentage of it’s money to education, they still have lower literacy rates and less school per child. Qatar however, is a very wealthy country and it’s 2.5% is most likely a substantial bit more than even Guyana’s 3.6%. That could contribute to the difference and advantage that Qatar has. Qatar Education Expenditures: 2.5% of GDP (2008) Literacy Rate: 96.3% School Life Expectancy: 13 years Guyana 3.6% of GDP (2011) 91.8% 11 years

3. Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women The few statistics that we are going to be comparing for this goal is each countries number of women serving in Parliament, or the government leadership. We will also look at the unemployment percentage for women, and finally their average school life expectancy. It looks like Qatar country is doing better with this Millennium goal. We felt that these would be accurate representations of the nations respect and gender equality for women. If they receive the education and job opportunities that men do, then they are being respected and treated as equals. Qatar Guyana Women in Parliament: 0 out of 35 21 out of 67 Members are Women Unemployment Rate of Women(Age 15- Unemployment Rate of Women (Age 15- 24): 24): 50% compared to men 43% 36% compared to men 56% Average School Life Expectancy: 11 years 13 years

4. Reduce Child Mortality The three statistics that we are going to be comparing for this goal is each countries infant mortality rate, the percentage of children under the age of five that are underweight, and the child employment rate. These three statistics give a general idea of what kind of lives children live in each of these countries. Do they receive the nourishment they need? Are they forced to work? Do they live to see their teenage years? The country of Qatar is doing better at this millennium goal because Guyana. Qatar Guyana Infant Mortality Rate: Infant mortality Rate: 6.6 deaths/1,000 live births 34.45/1000 live births Children under 5 yrs. Underweight: Children Under 5 Years old Underweight: 5% 11.1% Child Employment Rate (age 5-14): 0% 30,255 which is 16% of that age group

5. Improve Maternal Health The two statistics that we are going to be comparing for this goal is each countries maternal mortality rate and the health expenditures of the country. Maternal mortality rate is the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births, and health expenditures are the percentage of the GDP spent on healthcare. From these to areas, we can see that Guyana has a lot of room to improve. Again, Guyana appears to spend more money on Healthcare and is still lacking, however, their total GDP is far smaller than Qatar’s. Qatar Guyana Maternal Mortality Rate: 7 deaths/ 100,000 live births (2010) 280/100,000 live births (2010) Health Expenditures: 1.8% of GDP (2010) 5.8% of GDP (2010)

6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and other diseases The three statistics that we are going to be comparing for this goal in each country is the causes of HIV/AIDS in the country. The adult prevalence rate, people living with HIV/AIDS, and deaths caused by HIV/AIDS. The adult prevalence rate is an estimate of the percentage of adults (ages 5-49) living with HIV/AIDS. The deaths and people living statistics are annual statistics. . I think much like the rest of these goals, Guyana struggles from poverty. We know that HIV/AIDS is spread a lot easier with unsanitary healthcare, and the poverty that engulfs Guyana. Qatar Guyana Adult Prevalence Rate: less than 0.1% (est. 2009) 1.2% (est. 2009) People living with HIV/AIDS: fewer than 200 (est. 2009) 5,900 (est. 2009) Deaths: fewer than 100 (est. 2009) Fewer than 500 (est. 2009)

7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability We will look at each countries urbanization growth, as well as their sanitation facility access. The urbanization of each country will in ways help and hurt the Environmental sustainability. While better technology will allow for better utilization and gathering of resources, more infrastructure and urbanization will also use a lot land and resources. Qatar is doing better in this area because of Guyana. Qatar Guyana Urbanization: 98.8% of population (2011) 29% of population Rate of Urbanization: 1.6% rate of annual change .5% rate of annual change Sanitary Facility Access: Sanitation Facility Access: 100% of population 84% of population

8. Develop a Global Partnership for Development The three statistics that we are going to be comparing for this goal is each countries industrial production growth rate, and each countries exports and imports. The industrial production growth rate is the annual percentage increase in industrial production. The countries exports and imports are the U.S. dollar amounts of their import and export merchandise. Qatar Guyana Industrial Production Growth Rate: Industrial Production growth Rate: 4.6% (2012 est.) 6% (est. 2012) Exports: $133.7 billion (2012 est.) $1.311 Billion (est. 2012) Imports: $30.79 billion (2012 est.) $2.065 Billion (est. 2012)

Summary Between our two countries, Guyana and Qatar, it is clear that Qatar has the better grasp and standing regarding most of the Millennium goals. They have a very stable economy which leads to better social and health related self reliance. Hans Rosling spoke about this concept that the most important area of structure in a country should be social stability. However, if you strive for that before you work on government and economy, it will never happen. The means to achieve these goals are economic growth and stability and structured and working government. Qatar has most certainly done well in these areas and this is why they have an upper hand in the other areas of growth. While Guyana is somewhat worse off, that doesn’t mean they do not strive for the same success. They have plans in place and working to better use government spending to improve various areas of the country as well as the populations wellbeing and health.

References CIA World Fact book https://www.cia.gov/library/intelligence-literature/ United Nations Development Program http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/ QSA www.qsa.gov.qa/