1 st President: George Washington

Key Vocabulary: Chapter 9 Tariff Cabinet Free Enterprise Free Market Industry Manufacturing Agriculture Neutral Domestic Foreign Bond Precedent

The Federal Court System The Constitution called for a Supreme Court Congress passed the Judiciary Act in 1789: –called for the Supreme Court to consist of 1 Chief Justice and 5 Associate Justices – set up a system of district courts and circuit courts across the Nation First Chief Justice was John Jay Washington’s Precedents:

Washington’s Inauguration April 30, 1789 Inauguration: A ceremony in which the President officially takes the oath of office Washington looked sad because he knew that Americans were looking to him to make a new government work Washington’s Precedents

Establishing The First Cabinet Washington chose a group of advisors to help him make decisions and complete duties. Washington’s Precedents: 1. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson 2. Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton 3. Secretary of War Henry Knox 4. Attorney General Edmund Randolph 5. (Not Pictured)Postmaster General Samuel Osgood

Washington’s Domestic Affairs The set of laws and regulations that a government establishes within a nation’s borders (within the country)

Reducing the National Debt The country had major debt issues because they borrowed money to fund the Revolutionary War. Alexander Hamilton’s main job as Secretary of Treasury was to reduce the national debt.

Hamilton’s Plan To pay off the debt with bonds.

Hamilton’s Compromise Many Southern states did not like Hamilton’s plan because they had paid off their debt Compromise: The Nations capital would be placed in Washington D.C. (it would not be a state, but instead a district btwn VA and MA)

Building the Economy Hamilton’s next challenges Strengthen the nations economy and help both industry (manufacturing) and agriculture. Create the Bank of the United States. pass a protective tariff (tax) on foreign goods brought into the country. The tariff would be high and would make foreign goods expensive.

Whiskey Rebellion Showed that the new government had strength and was able to respond quickly in a time of crisis. It also demonstrated that the new government would not tolerate violence by those that disagreed with its policies.

Washington’s Foreign Policy Refers to the actions that a nation takes in relation to other nations (outside of the country)

French Revolution In 1793, citizens in France began their quest for independence Some Americans felt loyalty to the king of France because he supported the US during their revolution while others supported independence. Americans were divided on if the support France or not.

French Revolution

Neutrality Proclamation France was at war with Britain and wanted America’s support Even though the US and France had signed a treaty during the American Revolution (this made them allies), Washington wanted to remain neutral by not taking sides in any conflicts (wars) Cabinet members debated the issue of providing aid to France Jefferson supported France because of the treaty Alexander Hamilton felt the treaty was no longer valid because it was signed with King XVI (he was beheaded during the French Revolution) April 1793, Washington issued the Neutrality Proclamation stating the US would not support either side in the war. (Jefferson resigned)

Struggling to Remain Neutral America did not want to support either country, but they did want to trade with them. Both countries seized American cargo ships headed for each other’s ports. In 1793, the British captured more than 250 American ships trading in the French West Indies Americans wanted war, but Washington knew the country did not have a strong enough military He sent Chief Justice John Jay to negotiate with Britain

John Jay’s Treaty Jay negotiated an agreement that- 1.Britain would pay for the seized ships 2.Americans had to pay debts owed to British merchants 3.Britain agreed to give up the forts it had in the West. The Senate approved the treaty in 1795, even though many people did not approve

Washington’s Farewell Address At the end of his 2 nd term Washington set an important precedent (example) by not seeking a 3 rd term as president 1.In his Farewell Address, he advised Americans against becoming involved in European affairs 2.He believed it was good to trade with other countries, America had to be careful not to form alliances that would drag the country into war America followed his ideas on foreign policy for many years

Farewell Address