Chapter 3 sec. 4 Origins of Judaism
Palestine Phoenicians lived here Romans named the area Palestine(philistines) Canaan- Home of the Hebrews(this land was promised to them in the Bible) They will be a major influence on Western culture- also Islam,Christianity
Jerusalem Holy city for all 3 major religions Always trouble here All feel it is “their land”
Geography To the east-Babylon,to the west-Egypt Seaports on the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea These are the most important waterways of the time!
How do we know about this culture? Bible-The first 5 books of the Bible tell us This is called the Torah Most sacred writings of their traditions Christians call them the old testament
Abraham The father of the Hebrews He lived in Ur God tells him to go to Canaan He goes there about 1800B.C. 1650B.C. his descendants go to Egypt
Hebrews are monotheistic Yahweh-I am your only god They believe he has power over all Not a physical being Abraham promises to obey god God will then protect them This is called the Covenant
Moses/Egypt Jews go to Egypt fearing drought/famine Joseph/amazing Technicolor dream coat They are eventually forced into slavery Jews flee Egypt -The Exodus Moses is the one that leads them to safety-The parting of the sea 10 commandments-the basis of jewish law Given to Moses by God
The twelve tribes of the Hebrew nation They were nomads They return to Canaan/become city dwellres 12 tribes live in separate territories/self governing Tribes will unite in times of crisis
Jewish laws The 10 commandments are very much like Hammurabi’s code Prophets interpret laws Emphasize equality You should live life “justly”
The religion of the Jewish people Judasim The religion of the Jewish people
Sacred writings Hebrew Bible Contains basic laws Stories,writings Tells of Jewish history Calls for repentance
Talmud Written version of Jewish oral laws Explains/interprets Mishnah Mishnah is the encyclopedia of Jewish history
The Kingdom of Israel Jews will move no./so. From Canaan Tribes are getting smaller Eventually only Judah tribe is left Hence the name Jews/Judasim Saul drives the philistines out of palistine David, very popular, unites the tribes Jerusalem is the capital,a dynasty begins
King Solomon David’s son Most powerful of Hebrew kings Helped by Phoenician king to build a trading empire He will build a great temple to glorify God/ and hold the 10 commandments
The kingdom divides Massive temple co$ts big money High taxes,forced labor is the result Much discontent King Solomon dies,north part of kingdom revolts,splits the empire North-Israel South-Judah They will fight each other, sometimes join to fight another
The Assyrians Mighty empire No./So. Pay tributes so they will not be attacked Doesn't work-Assyrians conquer Samaria,the capital city 722B.C.whole north was under Assyrian control
Babylonians The south(Judah) is able to hold on for 150 years more Babylonians.Assyrians King Nebuchadnezzar destroys the temple,conquers Judah,586B.C. Jews exiled to Babylon 539B.C.-Persia conquers Babylon
King Cyrus He tells Jews to go back to Jerusalem,rebuild their temple Some go, some stay 515- Jews build a new temple