Randolph IB Middle School Mr. Hardy Unit 2 The Roman Empire Randolph IB Middle School Mr. Hardy Unit 2

Geography Rome, ITALY Rome was built on seven hills for defense. Peninsula in southern Europe Looks like a high-heeled boot in the Mediterranean Rome was built on seven hills for defense.

The Early Republic Government Challenges from Outside Republic- people elect leaders to govern them. Created by the Romans in 509 BC. Yearly elections Keeps one person from becoming too powerful Not a democracy. Only the wealthy and powerful could be elected. Challenges from Outside Rome was at war for 50 years when they became a Republic. Cincinnatus gained power in 458 BC though he was a farmer. He quickly defeated his enemy and returned to his farm. Challenges from Inside Plebeians – common people who called for changes in the government Patricians – powerful nobles who ran Rome Plebeians formed a council and elected their own officials.

Government Tripartite Government Magistrates and Consuls Magistrates- elected officials Consuls- two most powerful magistrates who ran the city and the army Why do you think the Romans had TWO consuls? Senate- a council of wealthy and powerful Romans Assemblies and Tribunes Two branches with both patricians and plebeians

Government Checks and Balances Civic Duty Forum Veto Written Law “I forbid.” Power held by the tribunes Written Law Why did many people want a written law code?

The Roman Forum

The Late Republic Growth of Territory Punic Wars Grew in response to threat Roman controlled all of the Italian peninsula except far north Defeated by the Gauls Successful organization of Army – Legions Punic Wars Series of wars against Carthage Rome won! 20 years of fighting Romans took control of Sicily Rome took control of Spain and North Africa as well In the 120s, Rome had also conquered Greece and parts of Asia

The End of the Republic Casear Marc Antony and Octavian Comes to power with Pompey and Crassus Dictator for life He was beloved by the citizens Killed by Senate Marc Antony and Octavian Punish for Caesar’s death Octavian becomes Emperor Marc Antony divorces Octavia Marries Cleopatra Civil War

Augustus Octavian Marc Antony Caesar

Rome’s Growing Empire Augustus and proceeding Emperors conquered territory to expand the empire Control hostile neighbors Gain control of gold Farmland Roman conquests promoted trade The Roman Roads Territory Gaul, Central Europe, most of Britain, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, eastern coast of the Mediterranean, and coast of North Africa

Roman Empire and Religion Religious Tolerance Polytheistic Freedom of Worship Clashes with the Jews Rise of Christianity Monotheistic Fear of unrest caused by the new faith Persecution against Christians Constantine removed the ban Later became Rome’s official religion

GREEN – Christian areas, 200 AD YELLOW- Christian areas, 400 AD

Accomplishments Language Science and Engineering Architecture Art Aqueducts Architecture Copied the Greeks Art Frescoes Sculpture Literature Language Latin and the Romance Languages + English?????

The Fall of Rome Inside Forces Outside Forces Division of the Empire Germanic farmers Disease & famine Increase in taxes Outside Forces Germanic tribes in the north Persians in the east Division of the Empire Diocletian Constantine

Decline of Rome Early Invasions Goths Attila the Hun Fall of the Western Empire Vast Size Corruption Trade Deficits

Byzantine Empire Eastern Empire Justinian Non-Roman influences Greek Italy and the Mediterranean Non-Roman influences Greek Ottoman Turks Captured Constantinople Eastern Empire Falls Christianity Orthodox Church

Assignment Creating an Intelligence Report Rome was sacked by barbarians in 476 AD. Imagine that you are a barbarian spy sent to Rome to find its weaknesses. Write an intelligence report on your findings. Review the material on the late Roman Empire discussed in class . Decide the major issues for the fall of the Roman Empire. Use the Intelligence Report worksheet to organize your findings. Be sure your report is neat and clear and the information is appropriate and accurate.

Reflection