GMPLS: IP-Centric Control Protocols for Optical Networks Yaohui Jin State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Comm. System & Network Network & Information Center http://front.sjtu.edu.cn/~jinyh

Outline Part 1: Introduction Part 2: ITU-T ASON framework Network trends Distributed control plane components Standardization Part 2: ITU-T ASON framework Part 3: IETF GMPLS architecture Evolution of standard GMPLS mechanisms Part 4: ASON/GMPLS is coming to us! IETF GMPLS implementation survey OIF Interoperability demonstration ASON/GMPLS in China Part 5: Conclusion

Part 1: Introduction

Network Trends Current world IP ATM SDH SNMP Service Layer Management Plane Centralized Data/Transport Plane CORBA/ TMN SNMP ATM IP Service Layer Give me more bandwidth! Traffic interfaces SDH Optical Transport Layer Give me more flexibility!

Network Trends Why we need ASON? IP ATM SDH Service Layer Management Plane IP Service Layer ATM Control Plane Discovery Routing Signaling … Distributed Data/Transport Plane Provide automatically switching for optical/transport networks by reusing ubiquitous IP protocols with extensions. Traffic interfaces SDH Transport Layer Optical

Benefits of ASON Save on OPEX Provide differential service levels In many of today's networks, highly specialized technicians often have to spend days calculating and implementing connectivity changes. ASON performs capacity assessment, path computation and provisioning rapidly. Provide differential service levels Based on data and optical protection levels that range from best effort to fully protected with high availability. Create new services Set up and tear down connections in minutes for concert webcasts, high speed data backup, employee training sessions and so on, generating new service revenues by as much as 10 percent. Postpone CAPEX investment Cross-layer traffic engineering, dynamic routing and meshed restoration in the optical network improves network throughput by as much as 30 percent, allowing you to put off investments in additional capacity.

Distributed Control Plane Components 1. Discovery Protocol running between the adjacent nodes. Am I connected to right neighbor? Who is my neighbor? What’s the type of service between neighbor and me?

Distributed Control Plane Components 1. Discovery 2. Routing Link state information flooding Identical topology database in every node

Distributed Control Plane Components 1. Discovery 2. Routing 3. Path Calculation At source node Constraint based routing algorithm Output: an explicit route from A to Z A Z

Distributed Control Plane Components 1. Discovery 2. Routing 3. Path Calculation 4. Signaling Hop by hop Along the expected route A Z

Distributed Control Plane Components 1. Discovery 2. Routing 3. Path Calculation 4. Signaling A Z Except step 3, the others are protocol procedures. To internetwork equipments from different vendors, the protocols have to be standardized

Standardization Management Plane TMN SNMP ASON/ASTN GMPLS Requirement Architecture Interfaces … Architecture, Protocols (IP-based) SONET/SDH Ext. G.709 Ext. Recovery … UNI 1.0 ENNI 1.0 … Control Plane Transport Plane SDH OTN SDH OTN … ATM Ethernet …

Part 2: ITU-T ASON framework

ITU-T Status High Level Requirements Architecture Detailed G.807 ASTN G.8080 ASON Detailed Requirements G.7713 DCM G.7712 DCN G.7714 Disc. G.7715 Routing G.7716 Ctrl. Pl. G.7717 CAC Protocols G.7713.1 O-PNNI G.7713.2 RSVP-TE G.7713.3 CR-LDP G.7714.1 Disc. G.7715.1 Routing

ASON Architecture NE: Network Element PI: Physical Interface NMI-A NMS ASON control plane CC CC CC CC User signaling I-NNI E-NNI UNIcontrol NMI-T CCI NE NE NE Clients e.g. IP, ATM, TDM IrDI PI UNIData Transport Plane NE: Network Element PI: Physical Interface IrDI: Intra Domain Interface CC: Connection Controller CCI: Connection Controller Interface UNI: User Network Interface I-NNI: Internal Network-Network Interface E-NNI: External Network-Network Interface NMS: Network Management System NMI: Network Management Interface

3 Types of Connections NMI-A NMS ASON control plane CC CC CC CC User signaling I-NNI E-NNI UNIcontrol NMI-T CCI NE NE NE Clients e.g. IP, ATM, TDM IrDI PI UNIData Transport Plane Permanent: set up from the management system with network management protocols Soft Permanent: set up from the management system which uses network generated signaling and routing protocols to establish connections Switched: set up by the customer on demand by means of signaling and routing protocols

Part 3: IETF GMPLS architecture

IETF: Evolution of Standard (1999) Step 1. MPLS: Multi-Protocol Label Switching Step 2. MPLS-TE: Traffic Engineering Step 3. MPlS: Multi-Protocol Lambda Switching MPLS control applied on optical channels (wavelengths /lambda’s) and first “optical” IGP TE extensions New Protocol introduction for Link Management (LMP) Step 4. GMPLS: Generalized MPLS MPLS control applied on layer2 (ATM/FR/Ethernet), TDM circuits (SDH/Sonet) and Optical channel (wave/fibre) IGP TE extensions including OSPF & IS-IS Step 5. GMPLS: More Extensions LMP extended to “passive devices” via LMP-WDM GMPLS covers G.707 SDH, G.709 OTN… Graceful/hitless restart mechanisms (signalling & routing) GMPLS-based Recovery IETF 48-49 (2000) IETF 50-51 (2001) IETF 52-55+ (2002-)

What is MPLS? Turns an ATM switch into a router Turns an IP router into an ATM switch Put IP routing protocols on devices that are not IP routers Different way to forward packets through a router Label is local unique, while IP address is global unique LSD FIB Routing Protocol Messages Labeled Packets LSR A LSR C LSR B LIB labels LSD: Link State Database, FIB: Forwarding Information Table LIB: Label Information Table, LSR: Label Switching Router

Traffic Engineering with MPLS Constraint Based Routing extensions to IS-IS or OSPF Explicitly routed MPLS path Controlled from ingress using RSVP-TE or CR-LDP Label Switched Path (LSP) tunnels are uni-directional pt-pt connections Packets no longer need to flow over the shortest path Egress LSR Ingress LSR User defined LSP constraints

Constraint-based routing Extended IGP User Constraints Routing Table Traffic Engineering Database (TED) Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF) RSVP Signaling Explicit Route Reduces the level of manual configuration Input to CSPF Path performance constraints Resource availability Topology information Output Explicit route for MPLS signaling

Optical Cross-Connect MPLS Can Be Re-Used in Optical Generalized Label Space  Wavelength Identifier Space, Label processing at control plane only Label Space  FEC, Label processing at both control and transport planes MPLS Controller Common Control Plane GMPLS Controller IF in Label in IF out Label out IF in Label in IF out Label out 9 2 4 7 3 6 8 9 3 4 7 9 2 2 5 5 6 6 4 4 8 4 7 9 mapping mapping Optical Channel Matrix 1 l1, l2 1 l1, l2 1 1 Packet Switching Matrix l1 l1, l2 3 x 3 l1, l2 2 2 2 2 3 x 3 l2 l1, l2 l1, l2 3 3 3 3 DeMux Mux Label Read Label Write Label Switched Router Optical Cross-Connect

GMPLS Mechanisms Link Management Protocol (LMP) Routing Extensions Signaling extensions Link bundling Forwarding adjacency LSP hierarchy New protocol Reuse IP MPLS Scalability

Part 4: ASON/GMPLS is coming!

IETF GMPLS implementation survey Company Type Signaling Protocol SDH/SONET Extensions Software Genealogy Switching Capability Label Status Availability Accelight Equip. R Yes External P T L M G S Beta - Agilent Tester Internal P T L F M G W S Product On sale Alcatel Equip T L F G W S Calient Ext + TE L F G Ciena Code T S Alpha Data Connection Ext + GMPLS P T L F Equipe P T G S internal First Wave R + L G W HCL Techno. ISI+TE,GMPLS Develop Intel Japan Telecom Juniper P Field trial Lumentis Ext+GMPLS L Marconi Movaz LabN+GMPLS NEC NetPlane NTT P L M G W Nortel Polaris Tellium Tropic P L F Wipro Anonymous 2 24 Equip: 14 Code: 8 R:23 L:3 17 Internal: 9 External: 14 P: 10, T: 14, L: 14, F: 9 M: 10, G:21, W: 9, S: 17 P: 4, A: 4, B: 3, D: 7 On sale: 8 P=PSC, T=TDM, L=LSC, F=FSC M=MPLS label, G=generalized label, W=waveband label, S=SDH/SONET label Source: IETF CCAMP working Group

OIF Interoperability demonstrations UNI 1.0 demo at SuperComm 2001 User Network Interface (UNI) 1.0 signaling specification Proofed UNI interworking with over 25 vendors on control plane and data plane ENNI 1.0 demo at OFC 2003 Inter domain signaling Inter domain OSPF/ISIS based routing UNI and SPC initiated connection setup and removal across multi domains over control plane Participated by over 12 vendors

ASON/GMPLS in China Some government funds National High Technology Research and Development Program ( “863” PROGRAM), launched in March 1986. National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Some local government programs, such as Shanghai Optical Science and Technology Program (SOST) “863” focuses on practical issues that are more related to the information industry and economy in China. NSFC encourages basic research and investigation on breakthrough technologies.

Four R&D Phases in 863 Field trial 3TNet In Yangtse R Delta ASTN ASTN equipments In China ASON testbed & GMPLS In Tsinghua U & Shanghai JiaoTong U ASON ASON scalability “CAINONet” Based on IP/OTN IP/OTN 1Q.1999-3Q.2001 3Q.2001-2002 2Q.2003-2004 2005

Preliminary ASON Testbeds (01-03) Goals: to make breakthrough in the ASON and GMPLS key technologies. Two groups led by Universities: Group in Beijing: Tsinghua Univ., Beijing Univ. of P&T, Peking Univ.; Group in Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Alcatel Shanghai BELL, Shanghai Optical Networking Inc.. Two different ASON testbeds in Beijing in Shanghai

ASON in SJTU

ASON Scalability Experiment (03-04) Goals: Partition of layers and domains Topology abstraction Information exchange between layers Fast convergence of network topology End-to-end restoration Scalability Totally at least 200 emulated nodes 4 layers 10 domains in a single layer 50 nodes in a single domain

ASTN equipments and Trial (03-04) Equipments project’s goal: 12 ASTN nodes; Equipment R&D project participants: ZTE with BUPT, WRI(Fiberhome) with SJTU, Huawei Tech. ASTN trial working group: Carriers: Beijing R&D Center of China Telecom, Shanghai Telecom; Research Institutes: Research Institute of Transmission Technol (RITT), Shanghai Telecom Technol Research Institute; Equipment Vendors: ZTE, WRI(Fiberhome), Huawei, Datang Universities: SJTU, THU, BUPT, EUSTC, PKU Working Group Tasks: To contribute documents, drafts and standards To define trial topology and application models To setup an interoperability lab with third-party test tools To test and evaluate the developed ASTN equipments To carry out ASTN network trials in labs and in field

OIF 2005 Interworking Demo Lannion, France Waltham, MA-USA Beijing, China Berlin, Germany Musashino, Japan Lannion, France Middletown, NJ-USA Waltham, MA-USA Torino, Italy

Enabling technologies: What is 3TNet ? Enabling technologies: To make breakthrough the Tbps DWDM, Tbps ASTN, Tbps IPv4/v6 Routers, and application environment and supporting platforms. Network: To build a broadband information network in Yangtse River Delta jointly with the regional carriers and governments. Practical Application: To develop new types of services and value-added services, support Internet DTV/HDTV and interactive multimedia.

Part 5: Conclusion GMPLS re-uses MPLS-TE concepts for the definition of distributed control plane protocols applicable to non-packet or “optical” oriented networks. It is composed of 3 main components: LMP, OSPF-TE/IS-IS, RSVP-TE/CR-LDP. Forward adjacency, LSP hierarchy and bundling create sufficient scalability and flexibility for common network operations. Hitless restart and GMPLS-based recovery provide resiliency for control plane and reliability for transport plane respectively. GMPLS vs. ASON. GMPLS suite today is a Subset of ASON in the sense that it specifically addresses the I-NNI interface at control plane level, GMPLS suite is a Superset of ASON as it considers explicitly data and transport networks at control plane level. ASON is a Network Architecture, while GMPLS is a Protocol Architecture.

Thanks for Your Attention! GMPLS is not the future, … it is the present! Live Show http://202.120.32.205:8080/DMA/DCL_Flex-debug/DCL_GUI_FLEX.html