Lynne Armitage, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia & Janine Irons, Curtin University, Perth, Australia Heritage Conservation in Australia: An Examination of the Legislative Framework

1. INTRODUCTION  Community and governments  Objectives of paper –Structures and frameworks –Where, why, what  Perspectives of –Value: market value –Heritage focus: built heritage –Geographic context: urban metropolitan –Property class: single unit detached dwelling –Statutory listing perspective: City of Fremantle Heritage List 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

LOCATION OF STUDY AREA HERITAGE Milan  Milan  Fremantle  ____ Fremantle  2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage

2. CONTEXT  Tools for identification and management –Listing/designation/registration  Implications for land owners –On property value –Legal obligations? Statutory or non-statutory control –Variable impact –Public versus private good  Research focus –Policy and regulatory aspects –3-tiers of Australian government HERITAGE 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage

3. STATUTORY LISTING  International and community roots –Athens Charter, Venice Charter –Australian ICOMOS – Burra Charter –National Trust; Fremantle Society  Federal leadership –Australian Heritage Council (AHC) Act 1975 establishing Register of the National Estate –Hierarchy: 1.world/national significance = federal 2.state significance = state responsibility 3.local significance – delegated by state to local gov’t 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

3. STATUTORY LISTING  Issues in Western Australia –Variety of registers Table 1 in full paper refers One international; 3 national; 4 state; 2 at LGA level –Scale of listing Across Australia 170,000 listed heritage places, 90% being listed at LGA level In WA about 17,200 properties are listed, with only 1,200 (approx 7%) being at the state level (WAPC) 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

NATIONAL HERITAGE HERITAGE 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage

4. STATUTORY LISTING - NATIONAL LEVEL  National and Commonwealth Heritage lists –Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999 –National list ‘outstanding heritage value’: e.g. Sydney Opera House; Great Barrier Reef; Sydney Harbour Bridge; Old Parliament House, Canberra; Uluru (Ayers Rock) –Anyone can nominate a place for inclusion; then assessed by Australian Heritage Council –Civil and criminal penalties for unauthorised actions –Evaluation criteria include: aesthetic, historic, scientific or social significance such as rare or endangered features; association with significant people; spiritual association; importance for Indigenous tradition 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

STATE HERITAGE HERITAGE 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage

5. STATUTORY LISTING - STATE LEVEL  Heritage of Western Australia Act (HWA) Administered by Heritage Council of WA : State register for the recognition, management and protection of places -Over 1,200 entries – mainly individual properties but some precincts; split of land uses; most are residential 28% with commercial, education or government all about 20% each -Registration criteria: cultural heritage significance or special interest associated with cultural heritage -Factors considered include: distinctive features; scarcity; unity of design; beauty; or by association with historic person, event, discovery; scientific or other contribution to knowledge 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

LOCAL HERITAGE HERITAGE 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage

6. STATUTORY LISTING - LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL  The third – local - tier of government -Municipal Heritage Inventories (MHIs) required under Sec 45 HWA Act -Local threshold of merit for assessment mirrors State Register -Limited statutory protection mainly via local planning schemes under Sec 26 of the WA Planning and Development Act State Planning Policy 3.5 (SPP 3.5) Historic Heritage Conservation manages the sensitive interface of heritage protection and development pressure of heritage places -A Model Scheme Text (MST) provides LGAs with guidance for their planning schemes re heritage management issues 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE

SAMPLE SUMMARY MHI ENTRY HERITAGE 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage

7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION  Objectives of paper –Structures and frameworks governing heritage listing system –Legislative system: 3-tiers, following government –Robust, flexible system: promotes certainty –Complementary costs: burden falls on individual owners –Further study (recently completed) will identify the impact on price through empirical research – survey of Fremantle – listed vs non-listed dwellings 2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage HERITAGE