A Tutorial on Composing Chemical Formulas By: Liz Essig and Bev Daub Created in Spring 2003.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Writing Chemical Formulas In this presentation you will: explore how to write chemical formulas Next >
Advertisements

Ionic Compounds and Naming Chapter 4.10,4.11 and 5.
Courtesy: Binary Compounds: compounds composed of two elements. Binary ionic compounds contain a positive ion (cation) always written.
Nomenclature. Naming Compounds Binary Compounds - composed of two elements 1. Contain a metal and a nonmetal 2. Contain two nonmetals.
 What is a chemical formula?  It indicates the relative number of atoms of each kind in an ionic compound.  Ex Al 2 O 3 has 2 atoms of Al and 3 atoms.
Representing Chemical Compounds
Nomenclature. Chemical Formula – type of notation made with numbers and chemical symbols –indicates the composition of a compound –indicates the number.
Nomenclature Ternary Ionic Compound and Acids. Rules for Writing Formulas for Ternary Ionic Compounds – these are compounds containing polyatomic ions.
Chapter 9 “Chemical Names and Formulas”
9-1 Notes Naming Ions.
Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases
CHEMICAL FORMULAS CO 2 Has 2 elements: carbon and oxygen Has 3 atoms 1 C atom and 2 O atoms C 6 H 12 O 6 Has 3 elements, and 24 atoms.
Names and Formulas for Ionic Compounds Chemistry Fall 2009 Section 8.3.
CHAPTER 7 CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE. MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS Consists of nonmetals covalently bonded to: Nonmetals Metalloids.
Chapter 6 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds
Types of Compounds Metal Binary Compounds – Metal and Non-Metal, forms an Ionic Bond. Non-Metal Binary Compounds – two Non-Metals, forms a Covalent Bond.
Day 13– Naming Acids & Bases Sci 10 Chemistry. What is an Acid?  Acid: a compound that makes hydrogen ions H + (aq) when dissolved in water i.e.: HCl.
Chapter 9 Chemical Names and Formulas
CHEMICAL FORMULA WRITING & NAMING OF COMPOUNDS.
SIMPLY PUT, THE ART OF WRITING FORMULAS AND NAMING CHEMICALS.
Chapter 6 Chemical Formulas. OBJECTIVES 1. Distinguish between ionic and molecular compounds. 2. Define cation and anion and relate them to metal and.
Writing and Naming Chemical Compounds
CHEMICAL BONDS.
Chemical Names and Formulas
Chemical Nomenclature
Naming.
Inorganic Nomenclature
Chemical Names and Formulas
Ionic Compounds and Naming Chapter 4.10,4.11 and 5.
The Point of Today: Learn about Polyatomic Ions. At the end of today you will be able to: 1. Make compounds using Polyatomic Ions. 2. Name compounds that.
Chemical Names and Formulas
Strengths and Naming of Acids + Bases What is a strong acid/base? What is a weak acid/base? Naming Acids + Bases.
Chemical Names & Formulas
Naming Compounds Writing Formulas
NAMING COMPOUNDS. Chemical Formula A chemical formula is used to show the composition of the compound. Ex 1: H2O – this formula shows that there are 2.
Representing Chemical Compounds Naming Compounds and Writing Chemical Formulas.
Chapter 5 Naming Compounds Writing Formulas. Systematic Naming l There are too many compounds to remember the names of them all. l Compound is made of.
Chapter 5 Nomenclature. Systematic Naming l There are too many compounds to remember the names of them all. l Compound is made of two or more elements.
Naming Chemical Compounds. Naming Ions What are ions? Atom that has gained or lost electrons Cations? Atom that has lost electrons. (+ charge) Anions?
Ch. 8: Nomenclature Naming of compounds. ● Metals and non-metals combine to form ionic compounds ● Non-metals and non-metals combine to form molecular.
Naming and Writing Formulas. Classifying Compounds The system for naming an ionic compound is different from that for naming a covalent compound, so before.
Naming - Ionic Compounds. Charges or Oxidation Numbers Group 1A  ________ Group 2A  ________ Group 3A  ________ Group 4A  ________ Group 5A  ________.
Using ion models to determine chemical formulas
Chapter 6: Chemical Names and Formulas. Molecules and Molecular Compounds Even though the atom is the smallest representative sample of an element, only.
Chemical Symbols and formulas What do we need to know in order to write formulas? What do we need to know in order to correctly name compounds?
Representing Chemical Compounds Naming Compounds and Writing Chemical Formulas.
Chemical Names and Formulas
SNC2P Ions and Ionic Compounds. Forming Ions In an atom the number of protons equals the number of electrons. If electrons are added to an atom, the atom.
Chapter 6: Chemical Names and Formulas
Naming Acids How do you know it’s an acid? The compound’s formula begins with an H, and water doesn’t count! Naming acids is extremely easy if you know.
Chemical formulas indicate the relative number of atoms of each kind element in a chemical compound (ionic and molecular) Ionic compound the number of.
Nomenclature - Naming compounds - chpt 4
Naming Compounds. Naming Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds contain a metal and a nonmetal Name the metal first, then the nonmetal as -ide Examples: NaClsodium.
IIIIIIIV Chemical Bonding Chapter 7 Section 1 Pages
Ionic Compound Names and Formulas. Monovalent Ionic Binary Compounds “+” means lose “-” means gain The number (+1,+2,+3)represents the number of electrons.
 Elements  compounds ◦ New properties are created  Why do elements form compounds?  To become more chemically stable by getting a complete outer energy.
Naming Ions, Compounds, and Acids
Nomenclature Unit 3. Naming Binary Compounds Naming Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal Binary Ionic compound: the metal loses one or more.
CHEMISTRY PART 9 Acids and Bases. Acids  A compound that makes hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.  H + (aq)  Look for the (aq) (which means aqueous)
THE CHEMISTRY OF ACIDS AND BASES. ACIDS AND BASES: NAMING AT THE CONCLUSION OF OUR TIME TOGETHER, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 1. Name any acid or base 2. Determine.
A. Element vs. Compound Element Cannot be chemically broken down into two different substances. - Atoms of all the same type Compound Combination of elements.
Ch. 7-1a Naming Ions. POINT > Name and identify the charge of monatomic ions POINT > Define and determine formulas for binary compounds POINT > Define.
Chapter 7 Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds Section 1— Determining Chemical Formulas from Names of Compounds.
LESSON 2.1 CHEMICAL SHORTHAND CHEMICAL FORMULAS  A chemical formula of a compound tells how much of each element is present.  Examples: H ₂ O shows.
Unit 4 - Nomenclature Naming Binary Compounds that contain a metal and a nonmetal Naming Binary Compounds that contain only nonmetals Naming Compounds.
Writing Chemical Formulas
A Tutorial on Composing Chemical Formulas
Lesson 3.2 – Naming Compounds
Presentation transcript:

A Tutorial on Composing Chemical Formulas By: Liz Essig and Bev Daub Created in Spring 2003

Charges on Elements ¤Each element has a charge on it ¤The charge means how many electrons an element is willing to give up or wanting to take when combined with another element ¤Example: Ca +2 He -1 ¤The next slide will show the periodic chart with the charges on the columns of elements

Periodic Table of Elements Charges

Crossing Charges ¤Given two elements to make into a compound you must cross the charges, making the element with the positive charge first ¤This means when you have Sodium and Chlorine, which looks like this Na +1 and Cl -1 respectively, you will end up with Na -1 Cl +1 ¤The product will be simplified to NaCl, because charges of one do not show up in the resultant composition

…Crossing Charges ¤When the charges crossed are both divisible by the same number, just like reducing fractions, you can reduce the charges ¤For example, given Calcium and Oxygen, Ca +2 and O -2, we cross the charges and get Ca -2 O +2 ¤The resultant compound will be CaO because both charges will be reduced

…Crossing Charges ¤Now, given Potassium and Nitrogen, we have K +1 and N -3 ¤We cross the charges and we get K -3 N +1 ¤The compound looks like K 3 N (Potassium Nitride)

Crossing the Charges of Polyatomic Ions ¤Given Magnesium Phosphate, where Phosphate is a polyatomic ion with a –3 charge and looks like PO 4 ¤Mg +2 and (PO 4 ) -3 cross charges and it looks like: Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ¤Note: When using a polyatomic ion, parenthesis MUST be placed around the whole polyatomic compound when there is more than a charge of one after it

Charges: Polyatomic Ion Sheet

Oxygen Rules ¤The suffix –ate at the end of a polyatomic ion means there is no loss or gain of oxygen Example: NO 3 (Nitrate) ¤The suffix –ite at the end of a polyatomic ion means there is a loss of one oxygen Example: NO 2 (Nitrite) ¤The prefix hypo- and the suffix –ite, used together, means the loss of two oxygen Example: NO (Hyponitrite) ¤The prefix Per- and the suffix –ate, used together, means that an oxygen is added Example: NO 4 (Pernitrate)

Using the Oxygen Rules ¤Given Ammonium and Perphosphate, you have (NH 4 )+ 1 and (PO 5 ) -3, the PO 4 becomes PO 5 because of the Per- and –ate in phosphate ¤Cross the charges and you will get: (NH 4 ) -3 (PO 5 ) +1 ¤The resulting compound is (NH 4 ) 3 PO 5

Acid Rules ¤Hydrogen is in EVERY acid and is the first component in EVERY acid ¤The suffix –ic means that there is no oxygen loss or gain Example: H 2 SO 4 (Sulfuric Acid) ¤The suffix –ous means a loss of one oxygen Example: H 2 SO 3 (Sulfurous Acid) ¤The prefix Hypo- and the suffix –ous, used together, means a loss of two oxygen Example: H 2 SO 2 (Hyposulfurous Acid)

…Acid Rules ¤ The prefix Per- and the suffix –ic, used together, means a gain of one oxygen Example: H 2 SO 5 (Persulfuric Acid) ¤The prefix Hydro- and the suffix –ic, used together, means no oxygen and the name and the charge comes right from the periodic chart Example: H 2 S (Hydrosulfuric Acid)

Forming Acids ¤Given Nitric Acid, you will have Nitrate (NO 3 ) -1 and Hydrogen (H +1 ) ¤Cross the charges to result in H -1 (NO 3 ) +1 ¤The resultant formula is simply HNO 3

Quiz 1)Write the chemical formula for Barium Sulfide. 2)Write the chemical formula for Lithium Nitride. 3)Write the chemical formula for Copper II Phosphate. Periodic Table Polyatomic Ion Sheet More Questions Answer

Answer : BaS Review Crossing Charges and Try Again

Answer : BaS Review Crossing Charges and Try Again Ba +2 + S -2  Ba -2 S +2  BaS

Answer: Li 3 N Review Crossing Charges and Try Again

Review Crossing Charges and Try Again Li +1 + N -3  Li -3 N +1  Li 3 N Answer: Li 3 N

Answer: Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Review the oxygen rules and try again

Answer: Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Cu +2 + (PO 4 ) -3  Cu -3 (PO 4 ) +2  Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Review the oxygen rules and try again

Quiz 4) Write the chemical formula for Aluminum Pernitrate. 5) Write the chemical formula for Hydrochloric Acid. 6) Write the chemical formula for Nitrous Acid. Polyatomic Ion Sheet Answer End Tutorial

Answer: Al(NO 4 ) 3 Review the oxygen rules and try again

Answer: Al(NO 4 ) 3 Al +3 + (NO 4 ) -1  Al -1 (NO 4 ) +3  Al(NO 4 ) 3 Review the oxygen rules and try again

Answer: HCl Review the acid rules and try again

Answer: HCl H +1 + Cl -1  H -1 Cl +1  HCl Review the acid rules and try again

Answer: HNO 2

H +1 + (NO 2 ) -1  H -1 (NO 2 ) +1  HNO 2 Review the acid rules and try again

…Crossing Charges ¤When the charges crossed are both divisible by the same number, just like reducing fractions, you can reduce the charges ¤For example, given Calcium and Oxygen, Ca +2 and O -2, we cross the charges and get Ca -2 O +2 ¤The resultant compound will be CaO because both charges will be reduced Back to Quiz

…Crossing Charges ¤Now, given Potassium and Nitrogen, we have K +1 and N -3 ¤We cross the charges and we get K -3 N +1 ¤The compound looks like K 3 N (Potassium Nitride) Back to Quiz

Oxygen Rules ¤The suffix –ate at the end of a polyatomic ion means there is no loss or gain of oxygen Example: NO 3 (Nitrate) ¤The suffix –ite at the end of a polyatomic ion means there is a loss of one oxygen Example: NO 2 (Nitrite) ¤The prefix hypo- and the suffix –ite, used together, means the loss of two oxygen Example: NO (Hyponitrite) ¤The prefix Per- and the suffix –ate, used together, means that an oxygen is added Example: NO 4 (Pernitrate) Questions 1-3 Questions 4-6 Back to Quiz

Acid Rules ¤Hydrogen is in EVERY acid and is the first component in EVERY acid ¤The suffix –ic means that there is no oxygen loss or gain Example: H 2 SO 4 (Sulfuric Acid) ¤The suffix –ous means a loss of one oxygen Example: H 2 SO 3 (Sulfurous Acid) ¤The prefix Hypo- and the suffix –ous, used together, means a loss of two oxygen Example: H 2 SO 2 (Hyposulfurous Acid) Part II of Acid Rules Back to Quiz

…Acid Rules ¤ The prefix Per- and the suffix –ic, used together, means a gain of one oxygen Example: H 2 SO 5 (Persulfuric Acid) ¤The prefix Hydro- and the suffix –ic, used together, means no oxygen and the name and the charge comes right from the periodic chart Example: H 2 S (Hydrosulfuric Acid) Back to Quiz

Periodic Table of Elements Back to Quiz

Charges: Polyatomic Ion Sheet Questions 1-3 Questions 4-6 Back to Quiz

Credits Mr. Wolfe’s Chemistry Notebook