America’s Boating Course 3rd Edition Navigation Rules Chapter 2 Section 4 Chapter 2 – Section 4 Navigation Rules Paragraph 1-2 Boating safety begins long before you ever leave the dock. Learning the Navigation rules could prevent a collision at sea. This chapter will provide useful information on this Navigation Rules Remember: You owe it to your passengers and yourself to be a smart boater. Presented by the St Paul Sail and Power Squadron 1 1

COLREGS Demarcation Line Rules of the Road Inland Rules Sound signals indicate “intent” COLREGS Demarcation Line Paragraph 4-8 There are two kind of Rules. International Inland International Rules apply to vessels outside the Line of Demarcation The most significant difference in the rules as they apply to pleasure boaters is: In the International Rules Sound Signals indicate “Action being taken” such as “I am altering my course to Starboard” In the Inland Rules Sound Signals indicate “intent” such as “I intent to leave you on my port side” International Rules Sound signals indicate “action being taken” 2 2

General Rule of Responsibility MUST COMPLY MUST TAKE EVERY ‘PRECAUTION’ ‘PRECAUTION’ MAY INCLUDE DEPARTING FROM RULES You must comply with THE RULES You must take every ‘precaution’ required by the ‘ordinary practice of good seamanship’ to avoid immediate danger, including collision. Precaution may include departing from THE RULES WHEN CAN A NAVIGATION RULE BE OVERLOOKED? – IF NECESSARY TO AVOID IMMEDIATE DANGER 3 3

Definitions Sailing Vessel Power-Driven Vessel Fishing Vessel Give-Way Vessel Stand-On Vessel Underway Restricted Visibility Not Under Command Restricted in Ability to Maneuver Sailing Vessel - under sail only Power-driven vessle – propelled by machinery Fishing Vessel – engaged in fishing with gear that restrict maneuverability Give-way vessel – must stay out of another vessel’s way Stand-on vessel – maintain course and speed, but must always avoid collision Underway – not at anchor, not made fast to shore, or aground Restricted Visibility – any condition in which visibility is restricted Vessel not under command – unable to maneuver due to special circumstances, and therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel Vessel Restricted in Ability to Maneuver – unable to maneuver due to the nature of her work. 4 4

PECKING ORDER Vessel Priority - Except where required otherwise Vessels not under command Vessels restricted in maneuverability Vessels engaged in fishing Sailing vessels Power-driven vessels Seaplanes Paragraph 25 5 5

Danger Zone If other boat is to your port – Maintain Course Dead Ahead 22.5 abaft Stbd Beam Show the students how to define a boat’s Danger Zone. If a boat is in your danger zone, generally speaking you are the give-way boat. You must alter course and/or speed to avoid a collision. If other boat is to your port – Maintain Course If other boat is to your starboard – Give Way 6

Steering and Sailing Rules Three sets of Rules: Vessels in any condition of visibility Vessels in sight of one another Vessels in restricted visibility Paragraph 26-27-28-29 7 7

Any Condition of Visibility A "lookout" must be … Maintained at all times Alert for other boats Appraise the situation Safe Speed Always proceed at a safe speed Rule #5 Table 4-1and Paragraph 30 MAINTAINING A PROPER LOOKOUT USING HUMAN SIGHT AND HEARING APPLIES TO BOATS UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES? – ALL BOATS AT ALL HOURS. 8 8

Vessels in Sight of One Another Navigation Rules dependencies Situation: head-on, crossing, overtaking Types of boats: sail or power Give-way vessel Required to change course and/or speed Stand-on vessel Must maintain course and speed Paragraph 40 9 9

Meeting Power Give Way! Power Give Way! Sail Stand on! 10 Fig 4-7 Meeting Head-On When you see another vessel ahead, or nearly ahead, you should assume the risk of collision exists and take steps to avoid it. If both vessels are power (including sailboats using their engine), then the preferred method of passing is port-to-port. Both vessels are considered give-way . If one vessel is a sailboat, not under power, then due to its lack of maneuverability, it is considered the stand-on vessel and must maintain its course and speed. The power vessel is the give-way vessel and must alter course and speed. 10

Overtaking Stand on! Power Give Way! Stand on! Sail Give Way! 11 Paragraph 51-55 Overtaking Any overtaking vessel must stay clear of the vessel it is overtaking. By day it can be difficult to determine your position relative to the other vessel. If in doubt, assume that yours is the overtaking vessel. After giving the proper signal you may pass on either side. Explain the proper signals for passing. One blast if you are passing on YOUR port side and two blasts if you are passing on YOUR starboard side. The vessel being overtaken should respond with the same signal if it is okay to pass on that side. If you are passing a tug or larger vessel in a channel it is wise to call the vessel and ask them which on which side they prefer you to pass. 11

Crossing Situations Power boat Stand on Power boat Give way Give way Sail boat Stand on Power boat Give way Paragraph 65-68 Crossing Situations In crossing situations, any power driven vessel must give way to a vessel crossing off its starboard side. This area corresponds to your vessel’s danger zone – dead ahead to 2 points (22.5°) abaft the starboard beam (for a total of 112.5°). If a power driven vessel encounters a sailboat, under sail alone, it must give way. This applies even if the sailboat is not in the danger zone. 12

Give Way! Sail Stand on Power Give way 13 Give Way to Sailboat! Have the students explain the situations pictured above and have them explain them in terms of meeting, crossing and overtaking. Ask to identify each vessel’s danger zone. Ask them why the give-way vessel took the action it took to avoid the collision (why it turned a particular way). 13

Give Way! Sail Power Stand on Give way 14 Give Way to Sailboat! Have the students explain the situations pictured above and have them explain them in terms of meeting, crossing and overtaking. Ask to identify each vessel’s danger zone. Ask them why the give-way vessel took the action it took to avoid the collision (why it turned a particular way). 14

Give Way! Sail Stand on Power Give way 15 Give Way to Sailboat! Have the students explain the situations pictured above and have them explain them in terms of meeting, crossing and overtaking. Ask to identify each vessel’s danger zone. Ask them why the give-way vessel took the action it took to avoid the collision (why it turned a particular way). 15

Priority Depends on Wind Sailboats Meeting Priority Depends on Wind Different tacks – port tack is give-way vessel Same tack – windward is give-way vessel Paragraph 61-64 16 16

Same Tack Give Way Vessel Stand On Vessel WIND 17 Paragraph 62 Animation. Runs once. Stand On Vessel 17

Restricted Visibility Proceed with greatest caution Post a lookout Adjust speed to stop in one-half visible distance Display running lights Provide sound signals Paragraph 70-77 18 18

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