The American Revolution (AP)

Thomas Paine and “Common Sense” Pamphlet urging separation (& not reconciliation) from England. Pamphlet urging separation (& not reconciliation) from England. Sold over 120,000 copies in 1 st 3-months Sold over 120,000 copies in 1 st 3-months

Patrick Henry “Give me Liberty, or give me death!” “Give me Liberty, or give me death!”

The Radical Whigs Were English radicals who opposed the King. Were English radicals who opposed the King. Marginal influence in England, but very popular in the colonies. Marginal influence in England, but very popular in the colonies. Trenchard and Gordon are most influential. Trenchard and Gordon are most influential.

The Whig View English system of govt. is best because its “balanced” system best protects people’s liberties. English system of govt. is best because its “balanced” system best protects people’s liberties. If balance is off because of corruption, however, then people’s liberties are threatened. If balance is off because of corruption, however, then people’s liberties are threatened. They think that George III is corrupt and the system is off. They think that George III is corrupt and the system is off. Leads to a paranoid view that the king is plotting to take away people’s rights, etc. Leads to a paranoid view that the king is plotting to take away people’s rights, etc.

The Enlightenment Revolutionary leaders influenced by the ideas of the enlightenment. Revolutionary leaders influenced by the ideas of the enlightenment. Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that stressed natural rights. Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that stressed natural rights. Leaders began to question British rule because they felt that it was infringing (messing with) their natural rights. Leaders began to question British rule because they felt that it was infringing (messing with) their natural rights.

Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson writes the “Declaration of Independence” in Thomas Jefferson writes the “Declaration of Independence” in July 4 July 4 Philadelphia Philadelphia

Many of his ideas come from John Locke. Many of his ideas come from John Locke. Everybody had Natural rights—”Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Everybody had Natural rights—”Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Purpose of Govt. is to protect Nat. Rights. Purpose of Govt. is to protect Nat. Rights. Right of people to form new governments if Govt. is not doing its job. Right of people to form new governments if Govt. is not doing its job.

Abigail Adams “Remember The Ladies” “Remember The Ladies” Letter to her husband John Adams. Letter to her husband John Adams. Turn to pg. 71 in your book. Turn to pg. 71 in your book.

Rights of Women Married women have very few. All property goes to the husband. Married women have very few. All property goes to the husband. Only in NJ could they vote. Only in NJ could they vote.

British Advantages Professional Army Professional Army Best Navy in the world Best Navy in the world 1/3 of the colonists are “loyalists” (Tories) 1/3 of the colonists are “loyalists” (Tories) Slaves and Native Americans will help Slaves and Native Americans will help

Advantages of Americans Fighting for something they believe in. Fighting for something they believe in. Fighting on their home turf. Fighting on their home turf. Leadership of George Washington Leadership of George Washington

Problems in Funding National Govt. can only ask states for $ (it can’t tax). National Govt. can only ask states for $ (it can’t tax). Sells Bonds Sells Bonds Paper $ (inflation) Paper $ (inflation) Borrow (Dutch and French) Borrow (Dutch and French)

Washington crossing the Delaware

British Failures in 1777 Brits had Americans on the Ropes. Brits had Americans on the Ropes. Brit. General William Howe continually allows Washington to retreat and regroup. Brit. General William Howe continually allows Washington to retreat and regroup. Saratoga—Horatio Gates defeats Burgoyne. Saratoga—Horatio Gates defeats Burgoyne.

Burgoyne’s Surrender at Saratoga

French Help After Saratoga— French form an alliance with America. After Saratoga— French form an alliance with America. Sends navy and troops. Sends navy and troops. Ben Franklin Ben Franklin

The South Lots of Loyalists. Lots of Loyalists. Brits. Offer to slaves (Dunmore Proclamation). Brits. Offer to slaves (Dunmore Proclamation). Nathaniel Greene Nathaniel Greene

Yorktown Washington and French defeat Cornwallis Washington and French defeat Cornwallis. Decisive defeat in the war; End of major fighting. Decisive defeat in the war; End of major fighting. Treaty of Paris (1783) officially ends war. Treaty of Paris (1783) officially ends war.

Why the Americans won They fought a defensive war—avoid big defeat. They fought a defensive war—avoid big defeat. Help from the French Help from the French Brits. Get tired. Brits. Get tired

Interpreting the Revolution Was the American Revolution a social or political revolution? Or was it both? Was the American Revolution a social or political revolution? Or was it both?

War and Society Many loyalists leave country (and property) Many loyalists leave country (and property) but distribution of wealth did not change dramatically. but distribution of wealth did not change dramatically. Those that had Social and political power, still tended to. Those that had Social and political power, still tended to.

Impact on Religion Many loyalists had been Anglicans. Many loyalists had been Anglicans. In Md. And Va. Anglican church was “official” church. In Md. And Va. Anglican church was “official” church. When Rev. starts, Anglican Church is “Disestablished.” When Rev. starts, Anglican Church is “Disestablished.” Va. statute of religious freedom (TJ) Va. statute of religious freedom (TJ) Quakers Quakers Catholics Catholics

War and Slavery Brits. Offer freedom to slaves (Dunmore Proclamation). Brits. Offer freedom to slaves (Dunmore Proclamation). Revolutionary rhetoric (i.e. talk of “liberty”) seems incompatible with slavery to many in North. Revolutionary rhetoric (i.e. talk of “liberty”) seems incompatible with slavery to many in North. By the end of the rev., most northern states abolish slavery ( ). By the end of the rev., most northern states abolish slavery ( ). Southern view becomes: slavery helps ensure “white” liberty. Southern view becomes: slavery helps ensure “white” liberty.

War and Women Many Men Gone Many Men Gone “Camp Followers” “Camp Followers” Molly “Pitcher” Molly “Pitcher” Abigail Adams Abigail Adams

Republican Motherhood Idea that women had an important role: To raise their children to be virtuous, civic minded citizens. Idea that women had an important role: To raise their children to be virtuous, civic minded citizens. Teachers of Republican virtue Teachers of Republican virtue Essential to the Republic Essential to the Republic

War’s Impact on Native Americans Neutrality Neutrality Some side with Brits. Some side with Brits. Result of war is bad: Result of war is bad: A. Means more white expansion A. Means more white expansion B. Resentment against those that sided with Brits. B. Resentment against those that sided with Brits. C. “noble Savages” C. “noble Savages”

Review Who wrote the Dec. of Ind.? What was its purpose? What was the 3-part argument? Who wrote the Dec. of Ind.? What was its purpose? What was the 3-part argument? Why did the colonists win the Rev. War? Why did the colonists win the Rev. War? How did the war impact Native Americans? How did the war impact Native Americans? Describe which religious groups were effected by the American Revolution? Describe which religious groups were effected by the American Revolution? How did the War effect slavery? How did the War effect slavery? Who were the Radical Whigs and what was their impact on the Rev. Who were the Radical Whigs and what was their impact on the Rev. What other group of ideals motivated the colonists to have a revolution? What other group of ideals motivated the colonists to have a revolution? Explain the concept of “Republican Motherhood” Explain the concept of “Republican Motherhood”

War’s Impact on Government Many fear strong central government and think power should be concentrated locally. Many fear strong central government and think power should be concentrated locally. Creation of new state governments. Creation of new state governments. A. Most states get rid of property requirements for voting. A. Most states get rid of property requirements for voting. B. Many have weak (or no) executives. B. Many have weak (or no) executives. C. Some have unicameral legislatures (thought to be more democratic) C. Some have unicameral legislatures (thought to be more democratic) D. Some regular people get elected to legislatures. D. Some regular people get elected to legislatures.

Power to the People During the Rev. the idea that sovereignty resides, ultimately, with the people, takes hold. During the Rev. the idea that sovereignty resides, ultimately, with the people, takes hold.

Republicanism Elite’s Ideology of the revolution Elite’s Ideology of the revolution Virtue is the key Virtue is the key Different opinions as to who possesses virtue. Different opinions as to who possesses virtue. Most feel that one must be independent to have virtue Most feel that one must be independent to have virtue Many feel that land ownership is key to being independent and thus virtuous. Many feel that land ownership is key to being independent and thus virtuous.

Stop Here

First American Government The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation Too weak, all of the power was in the states Too weak, all of the power was in the states

The Constitution A federal Republic with more balance between the national and state governments. A federal Republic with more balance between the national and state governments. Government Legislative Branch Makes Laws Executive Branch Enforces Laws Judicial Branch

Why an Enlightenment Document Social Contract—the power comes from “We The People…” Social Contract—the power comes from “We The People…” Checks and Balances—Separation of Powers Checks and Balances—Separation of Powers Natural Rights Natural Rights

Surrender of Cornwallis