War of

Cause #1: Napoleonic Wars British Blockade Europe –“Re-Impress” Deserters –Chesapeake Incident Coast of U.S. Boat attacked by Brits 4 Soldiers Taken Rise of “War Hawks” –Clay and Calhoun

Cause #1: Napoleonic Wars Jefferson’s “Peaceful Coercion” –Embargo of 1807 U.S. Cuts off all trade to Eur. Leads to Depression in U.S. (N.E) –Non Intercourse Act of 1809 Reopens trade to Eur. (Except Br & Fr) Jefferson leaves office shortly after

Presidential Election of 1808 Dem-Rep: James Madison Federalist: Thomas Pinckney Winner?: James Madison

James Madison The War of 1812

Cause # 2: Native Americans William H. Harrison –Appointed by Jefferson In charge of Indiana –Goals: Natives given 2 options- Assimilate or Move –Tactics: Harrison uses threats, bribes, and trickery to gain land from N.A.

Cause # 2: Native Americans Tecumseh –Goal: Unite Tribes Tecumseh Confederacy –Tactics: Encourages tribes to form alliance Reject treaties Reject assimilation Battle of Tippecanoe –Description: Harrison attacks confederacy when Tecumseh is away –Significance: Shows Brits are arming N.A. Convinces U.S. need to rid Americas of Brits (Canada)

Why? –Use of rivers to access Gulf –Native American attacks –Spain allies with Brit. Cause # 3: Florida

Presidential Election of 1812 Dem-Rep: James Madison Federalist: DeWitt Clinton Winner? James Madison

3 U. S. Invasions of 1812

Campaigns of 1813

The War – Defeats US tries to invade Canada Napoleon defeat allows Brits to send troops to U.S. Washington DC torched Successes US defeats Native Americans and British attacks within US Fort McHenry - Baltimore The US invades Florida **Star Spangled Banner written after battle at Fort McHenry

Fort McHenry

How does this picture show that the Americans lacked a regular, professional army? The U.S. was not expected to win!

Jackson’s Florida Campaigns

The End of the War Treaty of Ghent, Dec Belgium - peace treaty signed by British and US Battle of New Orleans, Jan weeks later, British try to invade LA - huge American victory, led by Andrew Jackson The Hartford Convention - Federalists hate the war - Discuss Secession - Daniel Webster - Ignored & criticized - Marks end of the Federalist party

Effects of the War of 1812 Need for a strong army Revival of American nationalism End of the Federalist party Weakens Native American resistance – new states Paved way for American take- over of Florida Nationalism: strong patriotic feeling