Industry-style combined active/passive dense array surveys: directions and issues. Dan Hollis, NodalSeismic, LLC 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop

Road Map Continuous Seismic Data Recording in Active Source Surveys – Equipment – Operations Long Beach 3D Survey – Description – Lessons Learned Modifications for Enhancing Passive Component – Santa Fe Springs 3D – Generic Concept – Fisher County 3D Data Products Issues Going Forward Conclusions/Questions 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop

Autonomous Node System 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop Spike Internal Geophone Element (10 Hz, vertical) NAND Flash Memory Li-ion Batteries 2-week 24/7 (5-week model in Q4 ’13) GPS Receiver 24-bit A/D Convertor Controller-processor

26 January 2014Active Source Workshop Autonomous Node System – GEN-2, 3-C 3 component 30-day battery 24/7 1.8 kilograms

Traditional 3D Recording Array and Operations 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop 300 square mile survey (10 x 30) 1320’ RLS & 220’ RI (dark blue) Nominal 18x100 Active Recording Patch (light blue)

Receiver Array Flexibility 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop “Traditional” - 990’ RLS x 110’ RIRURA - 330’ RLS x 330’ RI Both designs are about 256 receivers per square mile

Road Map Continuous Seismic Data Recording in Active Source Surveys – Equipment – Operations Long Beach 3D Survey – Description – Lessons Learned Modifications for Enhancing Passive Component – Santa Fe Springs 3D – Generic Concept – Fisher County 3D Data Products Issues Going Forward Conclusions/Questions 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop

Long Beach 3D Seismic Survey 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop receivers/nodes (static) -Spacing ~100m inline & X-line -24 hr/day, 7 day/week recording -Active sourcing weekdays and Sunday morning -2 ms sample interval -3 Hz low cut filter -10 Hz CT-30 geophone (vertical)

Long Beach 3D Passive Seismic Dataset ~ 6 month duration ~ 150 TB of data Several significant local events Teleseismic events (March 11, 2011 Japan earthquake) Passive Data Analyses – Ambient Noise Correlation – Receiver function – Travel-time tomography – Microseismic 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop

Carson EQ -12 Hz HC 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop

Long Beach 3D Lessons Learned Preserving continuous data Frequency response and instrument filters Uniform vs “traditional” receiver arrays Survey Design Considerations – Stations external to survey to reduce edge effects with ambient noise correlation analysis – Larger size surveys, insufficient equipment to cover entire survey 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop

Edge Effects - Anisotropic Velocity Variations 1.25 Hz1.00 Hz Azimuth 1.0 Hz 17 December 2013Shell Lunch-n-Learn

Road Map Continuous Seismic Data Recording in Active Source Surveys – Equipment – Operations Long Beach 3D Survey – Description – Lessons Learned Modifications for Enhancing Passive Component – Santa Fe Springs 3D – Generic Concept – Fisher County 3D Data Products Issues Going Forward Conclusions/Questions 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop

6 km 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop Santa Fe Springs 3D

Generic Concept Outliers Active Source Patch Backbone Array Conventional survey outline 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop

Fisher Co, TX 3D – Active Source Receiver Array 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop

Fisher Co, TX 3D – Outlier and Backbone Array 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop

Fisher Co, TX 3D – Proposed Broadband Array 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop

Road Map Continuous Seismic Data Recording in Active Source Surveys – Equipment – Operations Long Beach 3D Survey – Description – Lessons Learned Modifications for Enhancing Passive Component – Santa Fe Springs 3D – Generic Concept – Fisher County 3D Data Products Issues Going Forward Conclusions/Questions 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop

Data Products (and Formats) Active Receiver Patch – Shot Slice Data – SEG-Y Active Receiver Patch – Continuous Data – SEG-D Outliers and Backbone Array – SEG-D Shot Timing/Location Data – SBS OB Logs Survey Data – SEG-P1 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop

Road Map Continuous Seismic Data Recording in Active Source Surveys – Equipment – Operations Long Beach 3D Survey – Description – Lessons Learned Modifications for Enhancing Passive Component – Santa Fe Springs 3D – Generic Concept – Fisher County 3D Data Products Issues Going Forward Conclusions/Questions 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop

Issues Going Forward Data format for continuous data. SEG-D not common for long record lengths. 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop

Questions 26 January 2014Active Source Workshop