The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

Unit XVII The Nineteenth-Century Piano Piece “I have called my piano pieces after the names of my favorite haunts…they will form a delightful souvenir, a kind of second diary.” —Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

45. The Piano and Its Literature Piano: home use, favorite instrument of virtuosos Four-hand piano music Technical improvements Steinway 44. The Piano and Its Literature The piano was both a popular instrument for home use and a favored solo instrument for virtuosos Four-hand piano music (two people playing the same keyboard) was popular with amateurs Technical improvements to the nineteenth-century piano led to the development of the modern concert grand piano Steinway won a top award at the Paris Exhibition in 1867 for its fine pianos The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Short Lyric Piano Piece Instrumental equivalent to the song “Prelude,” “Intermezzo,” “Impromptu” Mazurka, polonaise, waltz, scherzo Chopin: Prelude in E, Op. 28, No. 4 Chopin: Mazurka, Op. 53, No. 3 The Short Lyric Piano Piece Instrumental equivalent of the song A favorite Romantic genre, often given a fanciful title: “Prelude,” “Intermezzo,” “Impromptu” Often inspired by dance music: Mazurka, polonaise, waltz, scherzo The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Short Lyric Piano Piece Frederic Chopin Franz Liszt Felix Mendelssohn The Short Lyric Piano Piece 19th-century masters of short piano piece: Schubert, Chopin, Liszt, Felix Mendelssohn, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, Robert and Clara Schumann, Brahms Robert Schumann Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel Franz Schubert Johannes Brahms Clara Schumann The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

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The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

46. Chopin and Piano Music: The “Poet of the Piano” Frédéric François Chopin (1810–1849) French/Polish composer and pianist Career in Paris Close friends with leading composers, artists, poets, writers George Sand (Aurore Dudevant) Tuberculosis Early death at age 39 45. Chopin and Piano Music Frédéric François Chopin (1810–1849) Half French (father), half Polish (mother) composer and pianist Studied music from an early age At 21, began career in Paris Was close friends with leading composers, artists, poets, writers Doomed romantic friendship with George Sand (Aurore Dudevant) Suffered from tuberculosis Early death from the disease at age 39 The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Chopin’s Music Centered on the piano Smaller forms: nocturnes, preludes, impromptus, waltzes, mazurkas, études Larger forms: ballades, polonaises, fantasies, sonatas, piano concertos Chopin’s Music Creative life centered on the piano Credited with originating the modern piano style His works are a part of the pianists standard repertory Smaller forms: nocturnes, preludes, impromptus, waltzes, mazurkas, études Études crown the literature of the study piece Larger forms: ballades, polonaises, a fantasy, sonatas, piano concertos Chopin: Fantasie Impromptu The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Chopin: Polonaise in A major, Op. 40. No. 1 (Military) (Listening Guide) Solo piano Ternary dance form A = martial theme, B = lyrical Use of traditional polonaise rhythm Employs rubato Chopin: Nocturne in C minor, Op. 48, No. 1 (Listening Guide) “Night” piece Name and character derived from Irish composer/pianist John Field Ternary form Modulates through various key centers Hymnlike middle section Arpeggiated chords lead to return of opening melody Use of tempo rubato: “robbed” or “borrowed” time Performer takes liberties with rhythm Listening Guide PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

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The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

47. Clara Schumann: Pianist and Composer Clara Wieck Schumann (1819–1896) German pianist, composer, and interpreter First public concert at age nine Wife of Robert Schumann and lifelong friend of Johannes Brahms Concertized after Robert’s death Last public concert at age of 72 46. Clara Schumann: Pianist and Composer Clara Wieck Schumann (1819–1896) German pianist, composer, and interpreter Studied music from an early age First public concert at age nine Wife of Robert Schumann, and lifelong friend of Johannes Brahms Parent to seven children with Robert More famous in her lifetime than her husband Concertized after Robert’s death to support herself and her children Last public concert at age of 72 The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Clara Schumann’s Music Songs, piano music, chamber music (including piano trio) Technically difficult and deeply introspective Piano concerto Clara Schumann’s Music Known for songs, piano music, chamber music Works are technically difficult and deeply introspective Two large-scale works: piano concerto and trio for piano and strings The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Clara Schumann: Nocturne, from Music for an Evening Entertainment, Op. 6 (Listening Guide) Solo piano From a set of 6 miniature character pieces Ternary form with coda Rich harmony Complex rhythmic structure Clara Schumann: Scherzo, Opus 10 (Listening Guide) Written when she was 19 Exemplifies virtuoso style Marked Con passione (with passion) Very popular work Form: scherzo with two trios Filled with technical display Listening Guide PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

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The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

48. Louis Gottschalk and Piano Music in America Louis Moreau Gottschalk (1829-1869) Native of New Orleans 1st internationally acclaimed U.S. composer Affinity for the Afro-Caribbean folk music Popular in the U.S., South America, & Caribbean Died in Brazil 1869 The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Gottschalk's Music Remembered today for his piano music Composed operas, orchestral works, American patriotic tunes Exploited all manner of dance and song forms Syncopated rhythms anticipate ragtime The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Gottschalk: The Banjo (Le banjo: Fantasie grotesque) (Listening Guide) Free form work for solo piano 2 main sections, each repeated Highly syncopated Imitates strumming and picking of banjo Melody in coda suggests Camptown Races Listening Guide PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition www.wwnorton.com/enjoy The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition