INTRODUCTION  Juvenile delinquency refers to criminal acts committed by children or teenagers.  Though the causes of juvenile delinquency are debated and controversial as well.  Parents may defined delinquent behavior as;  Disobedience fighting with siblings, damaging property, stealing money from family members or threatening parents with violence.  School staff members often regard delinquent behavior as;  Interruption or disturbance of classrooms violates the school code of conduct and threatens the safety of faculty and students.  Mental health view about juvenile delinquency

INTRODUCTION  Juvenile delinquency is at the forefront of social challenges worldwide.  Several determinants of juvenile criminal involvement  Biological factors  Family Background factors  Social factors  In order to prevent the juvenile delinquency it is the need of the hour to establish social reforms.  The children of the fatherless families show more signs of delinquency due to the absence of the proper moral conduct. INTRODUCTION

 Problems which are being faced by the Pakistani families such as; mass un-employment, load shedding, absence of the provision of the basic needs, other factors related to their problems should be avoided  Traditional factors like money, land, women (sex), illiteracy, ghairat (hanor),old enmity,drugs  The juvenile delinquency in our society has gained deep roots due to the wide-spread poverty and social disorder INTRODUCTION

The study in hand was designed to identify the impact of major factors affecting the Juvenile Crime in Punjab, Pakistan OBJECTIVE

 Due to accessibility and feasibility reasons the study was limited to only two prisons.  The Present study was conducted at Faisalabad and Bahawalpur Districts in Punjab Province, where two Borstal Institutions and Juvenile Jails are located for juvenile’s rehabilitation.  A representative sample of 140 respondents (70 from each jail) were selected by using simple random sampling technique METHODOLOGY

TESTING OF HYPOTHESES  Hypothesis 1:Family structure will influence the juvenile delinquency  Hypothesis 2:Family behavior will influence the juvenile delinquency  Hypothesis 3:Family environment will influence the juvenile delinquency  Hypothesis 4:Peer group will influence the juvenile delinquency METHODOLOGY

 Chi-square test was applied to examine relationship between independent and dependent variables. O=Observed values E=Expected values  The value of Gamma showed the strength and direction of the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Calculations were made by using the following formula Ns = Same order pair Nd = Different order pair METHODOLOGY

Family structureStrongly agreeAgreeSomewhatDisagreeStrongly disagree F.% % % % % I feel that traditional way of family control has decreased these days You think that lack of parental control is responsible for juvenile delinquency A poor economical situation is major cause of delinquency The lack of efficient link/communication among family members cause of delinquency I think that improper socialization is responsible for juvenile delinquency I feel that lack of supervision of parents become the cause of delinquency I feel that disorganization in the family system is making youth delinquent I agree that criminal family background also effect on children’s socialization Distribution of the Respondents according to their Opinion about the Impact of Family Structure on Juvenile Delinquency Table 1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Distribution of the Respondents according to their Opinion about the Impact of Family Behavior on Juvenile Delinquency Table 2 Family behaviorStrongly agreeAgreeSomewhatDisagreeStrongly disagree F.% % % % % You feel free and comfortable talking to your parent/guardian about anything You ever experience violence in your home You obey the orders passed by your parents related to several issues of life I feel that conflict between the parents is the cause of delinquency You think that your parents are satisfied your everyday activities Your father gives you clear direction for your behavior RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 3 Distribution of the Respondents according to their Opinion about their Family Environment Family environmentStrongly agreeAgreeSomewhatDisagreeStrongly disagree F.% % % % % Your parents know about your friends Your parents check your daily activities You think that friendly environment of family have positive impact on your behavior Your parents support you for getting education RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 4 Distribution of the Respondents according to their Opinion about their Peer Group Peer groupStrongly agreeAgreeSomewhatDisagreeStrongly disagree F.% % % % % I spend most of the time with my friends My friends involve in bad deeds You think that your friends perform things that are against the law You think that your friends were members of any gang You agree that your friends involve in drug addicting You think that bad company of friend’s effect negatively on you You think that bad company of friends forces you to drug addicting I feel that drug addicting force me to commit crime Your peer group motivated you to commit this crime You involved in Pete-crimes with your friends RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 5 Association between Family Structure and Juvenile Delinquency Family structureJuvenile delinquencyTotal LowMediumHigh Low %19.1%66.7%100.0% Medium %52.2%36.9%100.0% High %68.5%6.8%100.0% Total %55.7%25.7%100.0% Chi-square = 18.85d.f. = 4Significance =.006** Gamma = **= Highly-Significant RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 6 Association between Family Behavior and Juvenile Delinquency Chi-square = 1.97d.f. = 4Significance =.741NS Gamma =.057 NS = Non-Significant Family behaviorJuvenile delinquencyTotal LowMediumHigh Low %59.1%27.3%100.0% Medium %56.5%22.8%100.0% High %50.0%34.6%100.0% Total %55.7%25.7%100.0% RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 7 Association between Family Environment and Juvenile Delinquency Chi-square = 1.12d.f. = 4Significance =.890NS Gamma = NS = Non-Significant Family environmentJuvenile delinquencyTotal LowMediumHigh Low %58.3%33.3%100.0% Medium %56.5%24.6%100.0% High %54.2%25.4%100.0% Total %55.7%25.7%100.0% RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 8 Association between Peer group and Juvenile Delinquency Chi-square = 31.02d.f. = 4Significance =.000** Gamma =.604 **= Highly-Significant Peer groupJuvenile delinquencyTotal LowMediumHigh Low %59.3%13.6%100.0% Medium %70.0%17.5%100.0% High %36.6%51.2%100.0% Total %55.7%25.7%100.0% RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 The conflict between parents is a strong variable for juvenile delinquency. Therefore, parents should avoid conflicting attitude in front of their offspring’s. There is also a need for social therapy for such parents through media, counseling and peer pressure.  The study revealed that electronic and print media have also negative impact on child behavior. The television through cable network show obscene films, horror movies full of action, showing murder, looting and fighting which has deleterious impact on young’s mind.  Here again the role of parents, civil society and the Government by controlling media is necessary to avoid such programs CONCLUDING REMARKS