The Greek Climate Change Action Plan contents, way to implement, monitor and outputs of application of mitigation measures set in CAPACITY BUILDING IN BALKAN COUNTRIES IN ORDER TO DEAL WITH CLIMATE CHANGE PROBLEM

Brief history  1992:United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change  1994:Ratification of the UNFCCC by the Greek Parliament. Preparation of the 1 st Greek Climate Change Action Plan and submission to the UNFCCC of the 1 st National Communication. The Greek government taking into consideration both economic and social parameters, agreed that a realistic objective for Greece is the restriction of the overall increase of GHG emissions to 15 3%.  1997:Submission to the UNFCCC of the 2 nd Greek National Communication.  1997:Kyoto Protocol  2001:Preparation of the 2 nd Greek Climate Change Action Plan and the 3 rd National Communication. Greece is going to ratify Kyoto Protocol before June 2002

Obligations of all EU countries for the reduction of the emissions of 6 GHG in the period compared to 1990 levels

Steps for developing the NAP and the NC  Establishing a National Climate Committee  Establishing a Project Steering Committee  Creating a Climate Change Team  Developing work plan

National Climate Committee - Responsibilities  Overseeing of the National Policy and the implementation of the FCCC  Overseeing of all the climate change related projects, programs and research activities  Ensuring the consistence of the climate change policies and the national development priorities  Ensuring the information of all the stakeholders  Developing the negotiating positions and strategies for the Country  Reviewing and finalizing the various components of the NC

Project Work plan  Development of Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory  Development of baseline scenario for Greenhouse Gas Emissions.  Greenhouse Gas Abatement Analysis  Vulnerability and adaptation assessment  Preparation of National Communication

Preparation of National Communication  Preparation of the draft National Communication  Circulation of the draft NC  Finalisation of the draft NC  Submission of the draft NC to national government  Finalisation, translation and publication of the NC  Submission of the initial NC to the UNFCC Secretariat

Total GHG emissions in Greece (in kt of CO 2 eq) for the period

Comparison with other EU countries

Energy projections: Basic assumptions The ENPEP model has been used. The study covers the period It is assumed that the population will increase with an average annual rate of 0.34% during the period The average household size is assumed to decrease by approximately 1% for the same time period. Regarding GDP, the average annual rate of growth for the period is estimated to be approximately 4.3%, while this growth rate falls to 3.4% during the years In the period after 2010 the annual economic expansion growth is projected to be around 3%. The following assumptions were adopted for the international fuel prices included in the analysis: –Solid fuel prices will remain at 1997 levels during the study period. –For oil prices the results obtained running the International Futures model for Greece have been used. According to these results, oil prices will increase slightly during the study period reaching a price of $1997/bbl in –Natural gas prices will follow the fluctuations of oil prices. The current energy taxation system is maintained. The formulated Business as Usual Scenario takes into account the existing and already decided relevant policies and measures (e.g. liberalization of the electricity market, agreement between EU and ACEA for reduction of fuel consumption in new cars, etc.)

Energy projections: Baseline gross inland consumption (ktoe)

Energy projections: Final energy demand

Energy projections: Electric sector

Evolution of GHG emissions in Greece (kt CO 2 eq)

Sectoral evolution of GHG emissions in Greece (kt CO 2 eq)

The Greek NAP – an overview Major potential –Power generation sector –Building sector –Restructuring of the chemical industry Emission abatement technical potential (up to 2010): –17314 kt CO 2 eq Realistic estimation of GHG emissions abatement, taking into account more conservative implementation degrees as well as the synergies between the various interventions under consideration (up to 2010): – kt CO 2 eq

Building sector MeasureEmissions (kt CO 2 eq) Improvement of the thermal behavior of the buildings106 Maintenance / replacement of diesel heaters191 External shading, ventilation, etc.57 Use of high efficiency equipment (air conditioning, appliances, light bulbs) 1874 Use of automated lighting systems23 Solar collectors (water heating, space-water heating)1302 Roof top photovoltaic systems8 District heating (biomass)318 Use of NG for space heating and cooling188 TOTAL4066

Transport sector MeasureEmissions (ktn CO 2 eq) Maintenance of private vehicles and LDT76 Use of NG buses2 Improvements of road signaling58 Development of the public transports461 Soft interventions in the transport sector Promotion of biofuels319 TOTAL916

Power generation sector MeasureEmissions (ktn CO 2 eq) Use of RES4027 Wind energy1850 Small hydro1033 Central photovoltaic units21 Geothermal energy50 Biomass Use of Natural gas3350 Cogeneration with Natural Gas222 TOTAL7599

Industrial sector MeasureEmissions (ktn CO 2 eq) Use of natural gas163 Use of solar energy340 Use of biomass46 Various energy conservation measures 238 TOTAL787

Non – energy sectors MeasureEmissions (ktn CO 2 eq) Manure management62 Ecological cultivations43 Flaring landfill gas98 Restructuring of chemical industry 3744 TOTAL3947

Evolution of GHG emissions in Greece and the Kyoto Protocol

Criteria for evaluation of measures (1) GHG and Other Environmental Considerations GHG reduction potential (Tons of carbon equivalent) Other environmental considerations –Percentage change in emissions of other gases/particulates –Biodiversity, soil conservation, watershed management, indoor air quality, etc.

Criteria for evaluation of measures (2) Economic and Social Considerations Cost-effectiveness –Average and marginal costs Project-level considerations –Capital and operating costs, opportunity costs, incremental costs Macro-economic considerations –GDP, jobs created or lost, effects on inflation or interest rates, implications for long-term development, foreign exchange and trade, other economic benefits or drawbacks Equity considerations –Differential impacts on countries, income groups or future generations

Criteria for evaluation of measures (3) Administrative, Institutional and Political Considerations Administrative burden –Institutional capabilities to undertake necessary information collection, monitoring, enforcement, permitting, etc. Political considerations –Capacity to pass through political and bureaucratic processes and sustain political support –Consistency with other public policies Replicability –Adaptability to different geographical and socio-economic-cultural settings

Economic evaluation: Building sector

Economic evaluation: Transport sector

Economic evaluation: Industrial sector

Economic evaluation: Power generation sector

Economic evaluation: Non-energy sectors

Policy measures Energy or carbon taxes and subsidies Tradable permit systems Standards (e.g. energy efficiency standards) Law 2244/94 - promotion of RES Energy efficiency standards and energy labeling Operational program of Energy

Operational Program for Development (1) Support for the investments in cogeneration, RES and energy conservation –Dissemination of information actions –Infrastructure development –Financial incentives for private energy investments –Special support status Voluntary agreements Third Party Financing Total budget foreseen: 1071 million Euros

Operational Program for Development (2) Support to private investments Access to Natural Gas –Connection of the Greek pipeline with the Italian and the Turkish Reinforcement of the flexibility and the reliability of the Natural Gas system –Upgrading of the LNG station in Revithousa –Upgrading of the network –Construction of reservoirs

Operational Program for Development (3) Development of energy infrastructure for RES and small islands Operation of the free energy market Penetration of NG in the households, the tertiary sector, new industrial consumers and transport

Law for the development (2601/98) Subsidies for investments and programs in the field of electricity production by RES by electricity production industries and other types of enterprises Support to investments of RES exploitation and energy conservation

First National Plan – Emissions evolution Target (2000) “Limit the increase of emission to +15% ± 3% compared to 1990” Estimated Potential(1994) Realistic potential (1994) [ kt CO 2 ][ % ][ kt CO 2 ] Natural Gas Penetration6,01274%4,4553,937 Electricity Production4,2003,1133,191 Industry Domestic – Tertiary Sector1, Transport002 IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER PLANTS370100% RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES3,26770%2,2872,622 Wind Energy1, Small Hydro Solar Energy Conventional Systems New Technologies Geothermal Energy Biomass District Heating Electricity Production Biofuels Wastes 043 Research and Development100 70n.a. INDUSTRY1,36867% Cogeneration Improvements on auxiliary processes Interventions in energy intensive sectors808539n.a. Environmental – Energy Audits50330 DOMESTIC – TERTIARY SECTOR1,10367%735? (440 +) Lighting Cogeneration5134+ Central Heating343229n.a. Street Lighting TRANSPORT1,26367%841? Fuel related measures5637  Vehicle related measures300200n.a. Transportation Management470313n.a. Public Transport437291n.a. TOTAL13,3839,6006, = 7,253 Estimation for 2000 (1999)