1 On cost efficiency - Tracking and tracing in the Norwegian EU-SILC Are the benefits from achieving one more respondents worth the effort? Bengt Oscar.

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1 On cost efficiency - Tracking and tracing in the Norwegian EU-SILC Are the benefits from achieving one more respondents worth the effort? Bengt Oscar Lagerstrøm, Statistics Norway Paper presented at q2014, Vienna 1

Motivation 1 2

Motivation 2 Non-response in itself is not a good measure of non- response errors (Curtin, Presser and Singer 2000, Groves and Dipko 2004). Heerwegh, Abts and Loosveld (2007) show that although the non-response rate is higher than the non-contact rate, the proportion of non-response error is significantly larger due to non-contact than to refusal. 3

Steinsson and Lagerstrøm (2010) Non-response in current wave under-estimates social indicators (Gini-index, at-risk-of-poverty, S80/S20) Drop outs in the next wave has higher social indicators then respondents in both current wave and the next wave. Both drop-outs and late respondent have higher variation in their income distribution Non-response under estimates the income distribution in both Iceland and Norway and higher non-response rates increase the difference 4

Karlsson, Jónasdóttir and Lagerstrøm (2013) Manual tracing of telephone numbers increase the representativeness (age under 45, single households, non- natives) Only minor effects on a large set of indicators (Norway) 5

Contact rate, cooperation rate and response rate after source of telephone number Contact rateCooperation rateResponse rate Working numbers without errors (automated)0,8740,7240, Working numbers with errors (automated)0,8450,4370, Manual traced numbers0,7180,6510,

Contact rate after number of calls after different types of numbers

Distribution of time use InterviewContact and recruiting Working numbers without errors (automated) Working numbers with errors (automated) Manual traced numbers ,124 (31.2)6,876 (68.8) 8

Contact and recruiting hours and costs per completion (mean) CRHPC (min)CRHPC (€)Ratio (€) Working numbers without errors (automated) Working numbers with errors (automated) Manual traced numbers

New strategy to improve effect of tracing and reduce cost due to no contact –Increase efforts to identify non-effective numbers  Monitoring of the call-history during data collection  Maximum call-bakcs on a lower level  Interviewers –Increase efforts to ensure effective tracing  Identify effective tracing procedures  centralized tracers –Increase use of new sources for telephone numbers  Administrative registers 10