Nucleic Acids -DNA and RNA

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Presentation transcript:

Nucleic Acids -DNA and RNA

Function: Store and transmit hereditary information Tells cell what proteins to make

Structure A molecule of DNA or RNA is made up of millions of monomers called Nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of: Phosphate group 5 carbon sugar Nitrogenous base

Nucleotides Phosphate Nitrogenous Base Pentose Sugar

Nucleotides Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine A T G C These 4 are in DNA!

Polymers DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA - Ribonucleic Acid Sugar - deoxyribose Sugar - ribose Double stranded - double helix Single stranded Stays in the nucleus Travels to cytoplasm Bases: A, T, C, G Bases: A, U, C, G

14 THE DOUBLE HELIX bases sugar-phosphate chain

DNA Structure The phosphate and sugar form the backbone of the DNA molecule, whereas the bases form the “rungs”. Backbone held together by covalent bonds. Bases held together by hydrogen bonds.

Complementary Base Pairing: Each base will only bond with one other specific base. Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) Form a base pair. Remember: Apple Tree Form a base pair.

DNA Structure Because of this complementary base pairing, the order of the bases in one strand determines the order of the bases in the other strand.

11 PO4 adenine cytosine PO4 thymine PO4 guanine PO4 PO4

Introduction to DNA http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/molecules/dna/