© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. Professionalism Chapter 1

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. After studying this unit  You will be able to: Discuss the development of the modern food service industry Name the key historical figures responsible for developing food service professionalism Explain the organization of the classic and modern kitchen brigades Appreciate the role of the professional chef in modern food service operations Understand the attributes a student chef needs to become a professional Knowing the essential skills for the chef to be a professional chef.

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. Culinary Timeline Past to the Present In the 1500s, culinary guilds were developed to dictate and monopolize the preparation of certain food items. Each guild نقابة governed the production of a set of specific types of food.

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. Culinary Guilds The Guild  Rotisseurs  Patissiers  Tamisiers  Vinaigriers  Traiteurs  Porte-chapes The Product  Main cuts of meat  Poultry, pies, tarts  Breads  Sauces and stews  Ragouts  Caterers

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. The First Restaurant 1765 Monsieur Boulanger opened the first free-standing restaurant in Paris. Boulanger’s contribution to the food service industry was to serve a variety of foods prepared on premises to customers whose primary interest was dining.

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. The French Revolution The social structure in France changed.  The aristocracy, guilds and their monopolies were abolished.  A budding restaurant industry emerged.  Chefs could cater to the growing middle class.

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. Haute Cuisine Early 19 th Century Antonin Carême ( ) “The Cook of Kings and the King of Cooks” His stated goal was to achieve “lightness, grace, order and perspicuity in the preparation and presentation of food.”  As a saucier he standardized the use of roux and devised a system to classify sauces  As a garde-manger he popularized cold cuisine  As a culinary professional he designed kitchen tools, equipment and uniforms  As an author he wrote and illustrated important texts on culinary arts

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. Marie-Antonin Carême

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. Cuisine Classique Late 19 th Century Auguste Escoffier ( ) “Emperor of the World’s Kitchens” Defined French cuisine and dining during La Belle Époque Simplified food preparation and dining Classified the five families of sauces He wrote:  Le Livre des menus – a guide to planning meals  Ma cuisine – a survey of cuisine bourgeoisie (middle class cuisine)  Le Guide Culinaire – still in use today, a collection of classical cuisine recipes and garnishes

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. Auguste Escoffier

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. 20 th Century Fernand Point ( ) Refined and modernized classical cuisine and laid the groundwork for nouvelle cuisine Gaston Lenôtre (1920-) Father of modern French pastry Began a culinary school, L’École Lenôtre Developed innovations in Bavarians, charlottes and mousses Mastered techniques of freezing baked products

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. American Culinary Revolution Charles Ranhofer ( ) The first internationally renowned chef of an American restaurant, Delmonico’s in New York City Published:  The Epicurean, which contains 3500 recipes Alice Waters Launched the New American cuisine Her goal was to serve fresh, seasonal and locally grown produce in simple preparations that preserved and emphasized the foods’ natural flavors.

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. Fusion Cuisine American cuisine has always been influenced by cuisines from other countries. This is most evident in fusion cuisine, which began in the mid-1980s. In fusion cuisine, ingredients or preparation methods associated with one ethnic or regional cuisine are combined with those of another.

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. Influences on Modern Food Service Operations  New technologies Food storage Transportation  New foods Hybridization Genetic engineering  New concerns Health issues Public safety  New consumers The global community

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. The Brigade A system of staffing a kitchen so that each worker is assigned a set of specific tasks Classical Front of the House Modern

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. Classical Chef de cuisine Sous-chef/aboyeur Chefs de partie Saucier Poissonier GrillardinFriturier RôtisseurPotager LégumierEntremetier Garde MangerTournant PâtissierCommis

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. Front of the House AmericanFrench Dining room managerMaître D'hotel Wine steward Sommelier HeadwaiterChef de salle CaptainsChefs d’étage Front waitersChefs de rang Back waitersCommis de rang

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. The Modern Kitchen  Master chef  Executive chef  Sous-chef  Line cook  Pastry chef  Short-order cook  Institutional cook  Apprentice

© 2007 Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Labensky, et al. On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals, 4 th edition. The Professional Chef What does it take?  Knowledge Lifelong learning  Skill Experience  Taste  Judgment  Dedication  Pride