NDSU Agriculture TRENDS IN THE USE OF CROPS DEVELOPED THROUGH BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE USA AND THE WORLD BY: Dr. Duane R. Berglund Professor of Plant Science and NDSU Extension Agronomist

Biotechnology Terminology Used GMO’s Transgenics GMC’s GM’s HTC’s

Definition of Biotechnology “ The application of science and engineering in the direct and indirect use of living organisms or parts or products of living organisms, in their natural or modified forms”. Agric. And Agric. Food Canada. “ A collection of scientific techniques…… that are used to create, improve or modify plants, animals and microorganisms…U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.

NDSU Agriculture

NDSU Agriculture

NDSU Agriculture

NDSU Agriculture

NDSU Agriculture ‘Natural’ GM of Crops Works! Corn grain yields have increased by 1.6 bushels per acre per year for the last 70 years. –Primarily due to ‘natural’ genetic modification (GM) and improved crop production technologies.

NDSU Agriculture But, some worry… The annual yield gain (1.6 bu/ac/yr) as a percent of the yield potential of the corn crop has been decreasing for the past 70 years. Nagging Question: Can we keep up with the increasing global need for food?

Rapid Adaptation – Biotech Crops Soybean Corn Cotton Canola 3 years 2-3 years 1-2 years

BIO TECH CROPS – 2005 UNITED STATES USDA Estimates: Major Crops 118 million acres in USA 10 % Increase in acres 30 fold increase since inception in 1996

NDSU Agriculture 2003 GM Major USA Crop Plantings

NDSU Agriculture USA Major GM Crop Plantings

NDSU Agriculture BIO TECH CROPS – 2005 UNITED STATES 87% soybean acres GM (Glyphosate tolerant) Million Acres GM 70% canola acres GM (Glyphosate tolerant and Liberty tolerant) 700,000 Acres GM

NDSU Agriculture BIO TECH CROPS % corn acres GM 26 % Bt only 17 % Herbicide tolerant only 9% Stacked gene Hybrids 42.4 Million Acres GM in USA

NDSU Agriculture BIO TECH CROPS % cotton acres GM 18% Bt only 27% Herbicide Tolerant only 34% Stacked gene cultivars 11.1 Million Acres GM in USA

2005 Biotech Crop Estimates NORTH DAKOTA Corn - North Dakota 52 % Acres Soybeans- North Dakota 89% Acres Canola – USA including North Dakota 70% Acres or higher

GM Soybeans in 2005

NDSU Agriculture Why Do Farmers Grow Herbicide Tolerant Soybeans

NDSU Agriculture Herbicide Tolerant Crops – Benefits Easy to use Full spectrum weed control No carryover residues (Liberty or Roundup) Environmentally safe Excellent crop safety Wide application window (crop stages & weed stages) Control of larger weeds Allowance for rescue weed control Less cost??

NDSU Agriculture Spray drift –non-target crops Multiple applications may be required Misapplication to non-resistant crop varieties Premium price for seed Short rotations resulting in added disease/insect problems Public non-acceptance of genetically altered crops Pollen movement to organically grown crops Resistant weed species (Expected in the future) Resistant volunteers to control Herbicide Tolerant Crops - Concerns

NDSU Agriculture Biotech Update/Status Other Crops SUGARBEET: Roundup Ready is label approved –Liberty Tolerant is label approved However, Industry Processors will not accept!! SUNFLOWER: (Imi) Clearfield sunflower –Hybrids in commercial Fields since 2002(Non-GM) WHEAT: (Hard Red Spring): (Imi) Clearfield wheat –Available in 2002 –Roundup Ready – Presently placed on hold!! -Certain Markets not ready to accept!! POTATO: Bt potato available and approved –Cultivars were withdrawn because of food safety/marketing issues

NDSU Agriculture Number of Deregulated Articles (total) by Phenotype Category

NDSU Agriculture Added Value Soybean Grain and Grain Products Protein Quality Energy, Digestibility Increased Stability Healthy Oils 38% Protein 30% Carbohydrate 18% Oil

NDSU Agriculture Time GERMPLASM BASE - THE FOUNDATION PRODUCTIVITY (Value Creation) INDUSTRIAL & NOVEL PRODUCTS Renewable Polymers Chemical Feedstocks Nutraceuticals CROP PROTECTION Insect Resistance Disease Resistance Herbicide Tolerance FEED Nutrition Environment Meat Quality FOOD Health Nutrition Flavor PLANT PERFORMANCE Drought Tolerance Cold Tolerance Maturity Waves of Productivity Improvement

NDSU Agriculture  There is a huge hungry world to feed (Growing Population).  There has never been a greater need for aggressive agricultural research!  There has never been more promise of what research can accomplish!

NDSU Agriculture Thanks for your attention ANY QUESTIONS