Education in Ghana By: Avery Harmon, Justin Hill, & Keron Cruz

Ghana ● 27 million people ● 9th largest in Africa ● One of the most developed countries ● Largely Christian

History of Ghana ● 1960: First president declared ● ‘66-81: Alternating military and civilian governments ● 2000 and 2004: John Agyekum Kufuor electedJohn Agyekum Kufuor A 1850 map showing the Akan Kingdom of Ashanti within the Guinea region and surrounding regions in West Africa.AkanKingdom of AshantiGuinea region

Government ● Great relationship with the USA ● Founding member of the Non-Aligned movement President of Ghana, John Dramani Mahama

Economy ● Ghana 2020 ● Stock market is 3rd largest in sub- saharan Africa ● Manufacturing, similar to Taiwan

Pipeline ● 25% Annual Budget (US Billion) ● Adult Literacy is 65.8% ● Youth Literacy is 81%

Education Reform ● 1957 ●Dzobo Education Reforms of 1974 ●JS Education (Evans-Anfom) Reforms of 1987 ●JHS & SHSl Education (Anamuah-Mensah) Reforms of 2007

School structure Pre-School (Ages 3-5) Basic/Primary School equivalent to Elementary School (Ages 6-11) Junior High School equivalent to Middle School (Ages 12-14) Senior High School equivalent to High School (Ages 15-17) Tertiary Education/Institution equivalent to College/ University (Ages 18-21)

By the numbers... ● Growing school enrollment o +5% in past 10 years o Almost 90% of children in school ● Approximately 10,000 teachers leave the profession each year ● More than half of teaching vacancies are filled by under-qualified replacements ● 21.1% of primary school students behind in reading ● 43.1% of primacy school students behind in math

Steps taken to improve education ● 2015 Education for All (EFA) Global Monitoring Report o 34mil. received access to education in 15 years o Large portion of budget dedicated to education ● Compulsory education to age o 2 years nursery, 6 years primary ● Strong sense of gender equality “He is a hardworking, star pupil, he tells me, who likes to eat rice and stew and wants to be a doctor or a footballer. He laughs as he describes weekends spent gardening as hard and boring, and says: “I feel sorry for children who don’t go to school because they aren’t enlightened and in future they will not be able to get good jobs.””

Sources cited "Africa Learning Barometer." The Brookings Institution. Accessed March 6, "Elections in Ghana""Elections in Ghana".Africanelections.tripod.com. Retrieved 1 June “ "Education in Ghana." Education in Ghana. April 20, Accessed April 20, “ Jackson, John G. (2001)Introduction to African Civilizations, Citadel Press, p. 201, ISBN ISBN Harvard Atlas of Economic Complexity "Ghana among World Champions of Pre-primary Education." Ghana among World Champions of Pre-primary Education. April 11, Accessed April 20, "Ghana." The World Bank: Ghana. The World Bank Group, 1 Jan Web. 20 Apr Kwame, Sam, Bernard Effah, and Benedict Osei-Owusu. "Exploring Issues of Teacher Retention and Attrition in Ghana: A Case Study of Public Senior High Schools in Kwabre East District of Ashanti Region-Ghana." Journal of Education and Practice 5, no. 1 (2014). Accessed March 7, “SchoolEnrollment Secondary (%Gross).” School Enrollment Secondary (%Gross). Accessed March 7,