Chapter 2 - Matter Section 1: Classifying Matter

Learning Targets: I can describe what matter is. I can classify matter based on its composition.

What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space What are some examples of items that are not matter? Light Sound Heat

Classification of Matter

If you had to classify matter into two categories, what would they be?

Pure Substances And Mixtures

Classification of Matter Pure Substance Matter that has only 1 set of chemical and physical properties. Example: Pure water always has the exact same chemical and physical properties under the same conditions. When is water not considered a pure substance?

Pure Substances Pure substances can also be divided into 2 categories: elements compounds

Pure Substances Elements Substances made up of only one type of atom. - Cannot be separated by any physical OR chemical process. Examples: Carbon - C Helium - He Gold - Au

Pure Substances Compound Two or more elements chemically bonded together. Examples: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Water (H2O) Salt (NaCl) Sucrose (C12H22O11)

Pure Substances Compounds have only 1 set of properties. They cannot be separated by any physical process. - Can only be separated by a chemical reaction. Water can be separated into Hydrogen and Oxygen by a process called Electrolysis.

Mixtures Mixture Two or more pure substances mixed together. Each substance in the mixture retains its own set of chemical and physical properties. Even though it may look different, it is still copper and zinc. Each metal retains its own properties like melting point. Example: Copper and Zinc can be mixed together to produce brass.

Mixtures Unlike pure substances, mixtures can always be separated by physical means. How could we separate the copper and zinc back out?

Mixtures If a sample of sand contains iron and salt, how could you separate them from the other minerals?

What are the two types of mixtures? Heterogeneous Homogeneous

Types of Mixtures Heterogeneous mixture Uneven distribution of substances. - You can see the different parts. Examples: Sand Granite Wood Milk Blood

Mixtures Homogeneous Mixture Components are evenly mixed. Cannot see the parts. Salt water contains salt and water, but are mixed all the way to the atomic level , but it can still be separated by physical means. Seawater distillation plant

What are the types of Heterogeneous Mixtures? Suspensions Colloids

Heterogeneous Mixtures Suspensions Suspension: a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas Natural orange juice contains particles of pulp. Particles in a suspension are large and settle out. Particles in a suspension may settle over time. Particles in a suspension may be filtered out.

Suspension

Heterogeneous Mixture Colloids Colloids are mixtures whose particles are larger than the size of a molecule but smaller than particles that can be seen with the naked eye.

Colloids In a colloid the particles are mixed together but not dissolved. The particles are relatively large and are kept permanently suspended.

Colloids are common in everyday life. Some examples include whipped cream, mayonnaise, milk, butter, gelatin, jelly, muddy water, plaster, colored glass, and paper

Homogeneous Mixtures Homogeneous mixtures are solutions. solution: a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed solute: in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent solvent: in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves

Homogeneous Mixture

Homogeneous Mixtures Miscible liquids mix to form solutions. Water and vinegar Immiscible liquids do not mix to form solutions. Oil and water

Anything that has mass and takes up space Matter

Heterogeneous Mixture Matter Can be separated physically Cannot be separated physically Mixture Pure Substance Cannot see the parts Can be separated chemically Can see the parts Cannot be separated Heterogeneous Mixture Homogeneous Mixture Compound Element Solute/solvent Colloid Suspension Solution Tyndall Effect Particles settle out

Matter Student Worksheet Fill-in the boxes with the appropriate label. Write key words next to each box to help you identify each category. Matter