The U.S. Outlook: From Recovery to Expansion

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Economic Update Peter Andrews Agency for Greater London Bank of England November 2011.
Advertisements

Measuring the US Economy Economic Indicators. Understanding the Lingo Annualized Rates Example: GDP Q3 (Final) = $11,814.9B (5.5%) Q2: GDP = $2,
1 Performance of the Israeli Economy and Bank of Israel Policy Challenges Bank of Israel Annual Report 2010 March 30, 2011.
Investment Strategy Perspective The Post Election Outlook Hope and Change or More of the Same? November 2012.
Let’s talk about you What is a target date fund?
January 2013 Going global in fixed income. Agenda Going global in fixed income China – another debt bubble in the making? M&G Global Macro Bond Fund The.
Economic and Market Recap April Equity and Fixed Income Markets IndexMar (%)QTR (%)2014 (%)2013 (%)2012 (%)2011 (%)2010 (%) S&P/TSX Composite.
 This and/or the accompanying statistical information was prepared by or obtained from sources that Magellan Financial, Inc (Magellan Financial, Inc.
Keith Forslund, Senior Portfolio Manager
1 1 Ch17, 18, 19 – MBA 566 Security Valuation and Analysis Macroeconomic and Industry Analysis/Fundamental Analysis Equity Valuation Ratio analysis.
Economy / Market Analysis
Financial stability report 2007:1 24 May CHAPTER 1 Financial markets.
The search for income in a low interest rate world J.P. Morgan Investment Academy Series Accessible investment education from a trusted source FOR INSTITUTIONAL.
Asset Allocation and the Efficient Frontier: Optimizing a portfolio’s risk/return profile J.P. Morgan Investment Academy SM FOR INSTITUTIONAL USE ONLY.
FOR INSTITUTIONAL USE ONLY NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION A guide to economic indicators and their impact on investing J.P. Morgan Investment Academy Series.
Industrials Sector Jason Kraynak and Wade Guzdanski.
New Perspectives on Asset Class Investing © 2015 LWI Financial Inc. All rights reserved. LWI Financial Inc. (“Loring Ward”) is an investment advisor registered.
| 1 EO /13 Not FDIC Insured May Lose Value No Bank Guarantee | 1 EO /13.
Rescuing the eurozone: the right prescription? March 8,
Global Development Finance 2007 The Globalization of Corporate Finance in Developing Countries May, 2007 T H E W O R L D B A N K.
FOR INSTITUTIONAL USE ONLY NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION An introduction to the capital markets J.P. Morgan Investment Academy.
Business in Action 7e Bovée/Thill. Financial Markets and Investment Strategies Chapter 19.
Power Income Portfolio For more information call:
September 18, Portfolio Strategy In a Rising Interest Rate Environment.
The Episcopal Church Foundation Growth and Income Pooled Funds 2 nd Quarter 2015 Endowment Management Solutions.
Outlook For Financial Markets And Investment Strategy
Brett Hammond, Ph.D. Managing Director and Chief Investment Strategist, TIAA-CREF ARE WE THERE YET? THE “NEW NORMAL” ECONOMY AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR INVESTORS.
2Q | 2011 Guide to the Markets As of March 31, 2011.
The Global Economic Outlook Carmen M. Reinhart Deputy Director, Research Department International Monetary Fund October 24, 2002.
19-1 Financial Markets and Investment Strategies Chapter 19.
The 7Twelve ® Portfolio Craig L. Israelsen, Ph.D
EO /11 | ‹#› Not FDIC Insured May Lose Value No Bank Guarantee EO /11 | 1.
Equity income: a niche asset class Neil Margolis, Portfolio Manager May 2007.
Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
1 Regional Economic Outlook Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan Masood Ahmed Director, Middle East and Central Asia Department International.
The Montgomery Institute Investment Proposal December 2013.
CHAPTER 17 Investments Macroeconomic and Industry Analysis Slides by Richard D. Johnson Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights.
Saxo Bank OUTLOOK 2011 Saxo Bank’s HQ in Copenhagen October 14, 2015.
The Episcopal Church Foundation As of June 30, 2015 and Trailing Time Periods 70/30 and 60/40 Equities to Fixed Income Standard and Socially Screened Endowment.
Chapter 1 Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets?
Decoding the Script. Page 2  Line 1: Manager of the SOMA – Senior official from NY Fed; reports on domestic and foreign exchange markets; always at FOMC.
January 2014 Rebecca H. Patterson Chief Investment Officer Bessemer Trust The Year Ahead: Looking for Surprises.
1 1Q | 2015 As of December 31, 2014 Guide to the Markets ®
City of Hallandale Beach DB Plan Update November 17, 2014.
Prudential Balanced Fund (PRUBF1) November 2011 Fixed information Licensed Date: 5 October 2006 Listing date: 4 December 2006 Base Currency: VND Tenure:
Inflation Report February Money and asset prices.
Norges Bank 1 Executive Board meeting 31 October 2007.
Norges Bank 1 Executive Board meeting 1 November 2006.
Business in Action 6e Bovée/Thill Financial Markets and Investment Strategies Chapter 19.
Slide 0 Ingenious Asset Managementwww.ingeniousmedia.co.uk Economic Overview & Portfolio Positioning Philip Todd 9th September 2014.
Inflation Report May Demand Chart 2.1 World trade (a) Sources: CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis and OECD. (a) Volume measure.
Introduction to the UK Economy. What are the key objectives of macroeconomic policy? Price Stability (CPI Inflation of 2%) Growth of Real GDP (National.
February 2016 Outlook for Financial Markets Jack Ablin, CFA Chief Investment Officer (312) What to do Now? – Navigating Wall Street Volatility.
1 JANA’s Quarterly Capital Markets & Asset Allocation Update – September 2014.
Chapter 1 Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets?
Inflation Report May Money and asset prices.
Market Review February 29, 2016 INTEREST RATES Month-End 2/29/16 Month-End 1/31/16 Year End 12/31/15 Fed Funds Rate Yr Treasury DJ.
Stock Terminology (continued) Investors make money in stocks in two ways: –Dividends Companies may make payment to shareholders as part of the profits.
2016 Market Update and Outlook April 27, 2016 J.P. King Advisors, Inc. is an SEC registered investment advisor. Past performance is no guarantee of future.
1. What would you do with $5,000? Be specific. 2. What percentage of taxes should the government take? 3. Where is the safest place to keep your money?
From Turmoil to Recovery, What’s Next? Jean McGowan, CFA February 16, 2010.
STRIKING A BALANCE How balanced funds may help investors to stay the course toward achieving their long-term goals Name Title Firm The views expressed.
The Big Picture David Irwin, Equity PM EAMG. Agenda Investment philosophy/style Market update Par fund 2.
1 Chapter 1 Money, Banking, and Financial Markets --An Overview © Thomson/South-Western 2006.
2017 Outlook For the Financial Markets
Introduction to the UK Economy
NestEggs Balanced Portfolio Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate
© 2016 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved.19-1© 2016 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved.19-1 Chapter 1 Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial.
Financial Markets Update
IASA Northeastern Annual Regional Conference Economic and Capital Markets Overview November 2018 The material contained in this presentation has been.
Presentation transcript:

Out of Recession But Out of Sync: Risks and Opportunities in the Global Recovery David Kelly, Chief Market Strategist, JP Morgan Funds

The U.S. Outlook: From Recovery to Expansion Highlights The U.S. Outlook: From Recovery to Expansion The Global Outlook: Out of Recession but Out of Sync Risks Opportunities

Economic Growth and the Composition of GDP 14 Economic Growth and the Composition of GDP Real GDP Components of GDP % chg at annual rate Billions, USD 20-yr avg. 1Q11 2.2% Housing Real GDP: 2.5% 1.8% 10.2% Investment ex-housing 20.2% Gov’t Spending $554 bn of output lost Economy 71.2% Consumption $629 bn of output recovered - 3.8% Net Exports Source: BEA, FactSet, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Data reflect most recently available as of 5/05/11. GDP values shown in legend are % change vs. prior quarter annualized and reflect revised 1Q11 GDP.

15 Cyclical Sectors Economy Light Vehicle Sales Change in Private Inventories Millions, seasonally adjusted annual rate Billions of 2005 dollars, seasonally adjusted annual rate 1Q11: 43.8 Average: 14.6 Average: 25.4 Economy Apr. 2011: 13.2 Housing Starts Real Capital Goods Orders Thousands, seasonally adjusted annual rate Non-defense capital goods orders ex. aircraft, $ bn, seasonally adjusted Average: 1,469 Average: 57.6 Mar. 2011: 549 Mar. 2011: 59.6 Source: (Top left) BEA, FactSet, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. (Top right) BEA, FactSet, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. (Bottom left) Census Bureau, FactSet, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. (Bottom right) Census Bureau, FactSet, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Data reflect most recently available as of 5/05/11. 3

19 Employment Economy Civilian Unemployment Rate Employment – Total Private Payroll Seasonally adjusted Total job gain/loss (thousands) 8.8mm jobs lost Economy Apr. 2011: 9.0% 2.1mm jobs gained 50-yr. avg.: 6.0% Source: BLS, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Data reflect most recently available as of 5/05/11. Source: BLS, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Data reflect most recently available as of 5/05/11.

22 Corporate Profits Economy S&P 500 Earnings Per Share Adjusted After-Tax Corporate Profits (% of GDP) Operating basis, quarterly Includes inventory and capital consumption adjustments 2Q07: $24.06 Most recent: $22.73* 4Q10: 8.4% Economy 50-yr. avg.: 6.0% Source: Standard & Poor’s, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. EPS levels are based on operating earnings per share. Data reflect most recently available as of 5/05/11. Most recently available is a 1Q11 90% complete estimate. Source: BEA, FactSet, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Data are as of 5/05/11. 5

23 Consumer Price Index Economy CPI and Core CPI % chg vs. prior year, seasonally adjusted 50-yr. Avg. Mar. 2011 Headline CPI: 4.1% 2.7% Core CPI: 4.1% 1.2% Economy Source: BLS, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Data reflect most recently available as of 5/05/11. CPI values shown are % change vs. 1 year ago and reflect March 2011 CPI data. CPI component weights are as of Feb. 2011 and 12-month change reflects data through March 2011. Core CPI is defined as CPI excluding food and energy prices.

29 The Federal Reserve Fixed Income Fed Funds Target Rate and 10-Year Treasury Yields Federal Reserve Balance Sheet U.S. Federal Reserve, total reserve bank credit, $ trillions Long-term Short-term 10-year Treasuries: 3.32% Money Supply Growth Year-over-year growth in M2 Fixed Income Fed Funds Target: 0.0% to 0.25% Mar. 2011: 4.6% Source: Federal Reserve, FactSet, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Data are as of 5/05/11. Source: Federal Reserve, FactSet, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Data are as of 5/05/11.

Global Economic Growth 38 Global Economic Growth Developed Market Countries Real GDP Growth Annualized Averages ’81-’85 ’86-’90 ’91-’95 ’96-’00 ’01-’05 ’06-’10 2010 Emerging Market Countries Real GDP Growth Annualized Averages ’81-’85 ’86-’90 ’91-’95 ’96-’00 ’01-’05 ’06-’10 2010 International Source: IMF, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. 2010 data are estimates as provided by the IMF. Data are as of 3/31/11.

Emerging Market/Commodity Bubbles Sovereign Debt Upside Risks Downside Risks Oil Emerging Market/Commodity Bubbles Sovereign Debt Upside Risks Confidence

25 Oil and the Economy Economy WTI Crude Oil & Retail Gasoline Prices Economic Drag of Oil Prices 12/31/2000 4/30/2011 Oil $26.72 $113.93 Gas $1.41 $3.88 U.S. Petroleum Imports as a % of GDP 3Q08: 3.8% Gas Oil Economy 1Q10: 3.0% World Oil Consumption OPEC Spare Capacity – Crude Oil Percentage change, barrels Millions of barrels per day Average: 3.0 mm bbl/day Source: U.S. Department of Energy, FactSet, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. 2011 and 2012 world oil consumption based on estimates from U.S. Department of Energy.*Gasoline price based on weekly series; data are as of 4/1/11. Data reflect most recently available as of 4/30/11. Source: (Top) BEA, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. (Bottom) OPEC, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Data reflect most recently available as of 4/30/11. 10

Global Monetary Policy 39 Global Monetary Policy Real GDP Growth Rates – Quarterly Year-over-Year Real Policy Rates – Quarterly Developed Markets Emerging Markets Developed Markets Emerging Markets Country Level Monetary Policy and Inflation Target Policy Rate Inflation Rate Real Policy Rate International Developed Markets Emerging Markets Source: J.P. Morgan Global Economics Research, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. (Top charts) Emerging and Developed Economy GDP growth and real policy rates represent GDP weighted aggregates estimated by J.P. Morgan Global Economics Research. (Bottom chart) Key policy rates are the short-term target interest rates set by central banks. Inflation rates shown represent year-over-year quarterly rates for 4Q10. Real policy rates are short-term target interest rates set by central banks minus year-over-year inflation. Data are as of 3/31/11.

Sovereign Debt Vulnerability 43 Sovereign Debt Vulnerability 10-year Sovereign Debt Interest Rates Yields % International Source: FactSet, IMF’s October 2010 Global Financial Stability Report, IMF’s October 2010 World Economic Outlook, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. The Structural Deficit represents what the deficit would be if the economy were operating at its potential. Net government debt is equal to gross government debt less government assets. Data are as of 3/31/11.

26 Consumer Confidence Economy Consumer Sentiment Index – University of Michigan Sentiment Cycle Low and subsequent 12-month S&P 500 Index return Economy Average: 85.8 Mar. 2003 +31.4% Current: 67.5 Oct. 1990 +36.5% Feb. 1975 +25.1% Nov. 2008 +21.6% May 1980 +13.6% Source: University of Michigan, FactSet, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. *Based on regression analysis of monthly data from Jan. 1998 to Feb. 2011. Data are as of 5/05/11.

Earnings Estimates and Valuation Drivers 9 Earnings Estimates and Valuation Drivers S&P 500 Index: Forward P/E Ratio S&P 500 Operating Earnings Estimates Consensus estimates of the next twelve months’ rolling earnings 1Q11: $100.93 Equities Average: 16.5x Apr. 2011: 13.1x Multiple Expansion and Contraction Correlation Coefficient: 0.72 Forward P/E based on consensus EPS estimates Consumer Sentiment Forward P/E Source: (Top left) Standard & Poor’s, Compustat, FactSet, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. (Top right) Standard & Poor’s, Compustat, FactSet, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Earnings estimates are for calendar years and taken at quarter end dates throughout the year. Actual reported are annual operating earnings reported by Standard and Poor’s. (Bottom) Standard & Poor’s, FactSet, University of Michigan, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Forward Price to Earnings is price divided by consensus analyst estimates of earnings per share for the next twelve months. Data are as of 5/05/11. 14

Investment Style Valuations 7 Investment Style Valuations Russell 1000 Growth P/E divided by Russell 1000 Value P/E Current P/E vs. 20-year avg. P/E Most recent: R1000 Growth 14.8 R1000 Value 13.1 Growth / Value 1.13x* Equities 20-yr. average: 1.47x Current P/E as % of 20-year avg. P/E Russell 2000 P/E divided by Russell 1000 P/E E.g.: Large Cap Blend stocks are 17.3% cheaper than their historical average. 20-yr. average: 1.03x Most recent: R2000 17.7 R1000 13.9 Small / Large 1.27x* Source: Russell Investment Group, IBES, FactSet, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. P/E ratios are calculated and provided by Russell based on IBES consensus estimates of earnings over the next twelve months. *Represents the Russell 1000 Growth Index P/E ratio divided by the Russell 1000 Value Index P/E ratio (top) and Russell 2000 Index P/E ratio divided by the Russell 1000 Index P/E ratio (bottom). Data is most recent as of 3/31/11. Data reflect P/Es as provided by Russell based on IBES estimates of next twelve months’ earnings. Data are as of 5/05/11.

Treasury Yields and Inflation 31 Treasury Yields and Inflation Nominal 10-Year Yields: Treasuries & TIPS Real 10-Year Treasury Yields 10-Year Treasury Yields minus Core CPI Sep. 30, 1981: 15.84% As of Apr. 30, 2011: 10-year Treasuries 3.32% 10-year TIPS 0.75% Implied Expected Inflation 2.57% As of Apr. 30, 2011: 10-year Treasuries 3.32% Core CPI 1.19% Real 10-year yield 2.13% Mar. 31, 2011: 2.13% Fixed Income 10-year Treasuries: 3.32% 20-yr. average: 2.77% 10-year TIPS: 0.75% Source: St. Louis Fed, Federal Reserve, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities were first introduced in 1997. Data are as of 5/05/11. Source: FRB, BLS, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Chart is the 10-year Treasury yield less Core CPI (inflation excluding food and energy, year-over-year). Data are as of 5/05/11.

High Yield Spreads and Defaults 33 High Yield Bonds High Yield Spreads and Defaults Average Latest HY Spreads 5.9% 5.2% HY Defaults 4.4% 0.8% Spreads Default Rates Historical High Yield Recovery Rates High yield bonds, cents on the dollar Fixed Income Average: 38.4¢ Source (Top chart): U.S. Treasury, J.P. Morgan, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Default rates are defined as the par value percentage of the total market trading at or below 50% of par value and include any chapter 11 filing, prepackaged filing or missed interest payments. (Bottom chart): J.P Morgan High Yield & Leveraged Loan Strategy, Moody’s, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Spreads indicated are benchmark rates over comparable Treasury yields. Data are as of 5/05/11.

International Returns: Local Currency vs. U.S. Dollars 36 International Returns: Local Currency vs. U.S. Dollars Weights in MSCI All Country World Index Europe: 17% France: 4% Germany: 3% Switzer.: 3% Spain: 1% Other: 6% United States: 43% U.K.: 8% Emerging: 14% Japan: 8% Canada: 5% Pacific: 5% International Korea: 2% Brazil: 2% Russia: 1% India: 1% China: 2% Other: 6% Source: J.P. Morgan Asset Management, FactSet, MSCI Inc., Standard & Poor’s. All return values are MSCI Gross Index (official) data. Returns are as of 3/31/11. MSCI ACWI weights as of 3/31/11. International investing involves a greater degree of risk and volatility. Changes in currency exchange rate and political and economic climate can raise or lower returns. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Europe and Pacific regions exclude Emerging Markets, which are shown separately. Europe excludes U.K. and Pacific excludes Japan. Data are as of 3/31/11.

Returns in Different Inflation Environments – 40 years 24 Returns in Different Inflation Environments – 40 years Rising inflation scenarios Falling inflation scenarios High and Rising Inflation High and Falling Inflation Occurred 13 times since 1971 Occurred 7 times since 1971 Above median Economy Median Inflation: 3.4% Low and Rising Inflation Low and Falling Inflation Occurred 7 times since 1971 Occurred 13 times since 1971 Below median Source: BLS, Barclays Capital, Robert Shiller, Federal Reserve, Strategas/Ibbotson, Standard and Poor’s, FactSet, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. High or low inflation distinction is relative to median CPI-U inflation for the period 1971 to 2010. Rising or falling inflation distinction is relative to previous year CPI-U inflation rate. Bond returns are based on the Barclays U.S. Aggregate index since its inception in 1976 and a composite bond index prior to that. Equity returns based on S&P 500 price return and annual dividend yield. Cash returns are based on the Barclays 1-3 Month T-Bill index since its inception in 1992 and 3-month T-Bill rates prior to that. Commodities returns based on GSCI. For illustrative purposes only. Past performance is not indicative of comparable future returns. Data reflect most recently available as of 3/31/11.

48 Mutual Fund Flows Asset Class U.S. Equity Fund Flows and Market Performance Difference Between Flows Into Stock and Bond Funds Billions USD, U.S. equity funds, quarterly Billions, USD, U.S. and international funds, monthly Equity Flows S&P 500 Bond flows exceeded equity flows by $9 billion in Mar. 2011 Asset Class Source: Investment Company Institute, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Data include flows through February 2011 and exclude ETFs. ICI data are subject to periodic revisions. World equity flows are inclusive of emerging market, global equity and regional equity flows. Hybrid flows include asset allocation, balanced fund, flexible portfolio and mixed income flows. Data are as of 5/05/11.

46 Asset Class Returns Asset Class Source: Russell, MSCI Inc., Dow Jones, Standard and Poor’s, Barclays Capital, NAREIT, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. The “Asset Allocation” portfolio assumes the following weights: 25% in the S&P 500, 10% in the Russell 2000, 15% in the MSCI EAFE, 5% in the MSCI EMI, 30% in the Barclays Capital Aggregate, 5% in the CS/Tremont Equity Market Neutral Index, 5% in the DJ UBS Commodity Index and 5% in the NAREIT Equity REIT Index. Balanced portfolio assumes annual rebalancing. All data except commodities represent total return for stated period. Past performance is not indicative of future returns. Data are as of 3/31/11, except for the CS/Tremont Equity Market Neutral Index, which reflects data through 2/28/11. “10-yrs” returns represent cumulative total return and are not annualized. These returns reflect the period from 1/1/01 – 12/31/10. Please see disclosure page at end for index definitions. *Market Neutral returns include estimates found in disclosures. Data are as of 3/31/11.

Disclosures This material is intended to report solely on the investment strategies and opportunities identified by J.P. Morgan Asset Management.  Additional information is available upon request. Information herein is believed to be reliable but J.P. Morgan Asset Management does not warrant its completeness or accuracy. Opinions and estimates constitute our judgment and are subject to change without notice. The material is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any financial instrument. J.P. Morgan Asset Management and/or its affiliates and employees may hold a position or act as market maker in the financial instruments of any issuer discussed herein or act as underwriter, placement agent, advisor or lender to such issuer. The investments and strategies discussed herein may not be suitable for all investors; if you have any doubts you should consult your J.P. Morgan Asset Management Client Adviser, Broker or Portfolio Manager. The material is not intended to provide, and should not be relied on for, accounting, legal or tax advice, or investment recommendations. You should consult your tax or legal adviser about the issues discussed herein. The investments discussed may fluctuate in price or value. Investors may get back less than they invested. Changes in rates of exchange may have an adverse effect on the value, price or income of investments. Past performance is no guarantee of comparable future results. Diversification does not guarantee investment returns and does not eliminate the risk of loss. Bonds are subject to interest rate risks. Bond prices generally fall when interest rates rise. The price of equity securities may rise, or fall because of changes in the broad market or changes in a company’s financial condition, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies, sectors or industries, or the securities market as a whole, such as changes in economic or political conditions. Equity securities are subject to “stock market risk” meaning that stock prices in general may decline over short or extended periods of time. Real estate investments may be subject to a higher degree of market risk because of concentration in a specific industry, sector or geographical sector. Real estate investments may be subject to risks including, but not limited to, declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and economic conditions, changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trust and defaults by borrower.  International investing involves a greater degree of risk and increased volatility. Changes in currency exchange rates and differences in accounting and taxation policies outside the U.S. can raise or lower returns. Also, some overseas markets may not be as politically and economically stable as the United States and other nations. Investments in emerging markets can be more volatile. As mentioned above, the normal risks of investing in foreign countries are heightened when investing in emerging markets. In addition, the small size of securities markets and the low trading volume may lead to a lack of liquidity, which leads to increased volatility. Also, emerging markets may not provide adequate legal protection for private or foreign investment or private property. Investments in commodities may have greater volatility than investments in traditional securities, particularly if the instruments involve leverage. The value of commodity-linked derivative instruments may be affected by changes in overall market movements, commodity index volatility, changes in interest rates, or factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs and international economic, political and regulatory developments. Use of leveraged commodity-linked derivatives creates an opportunity for increased return but, at the same time, creates the possibility for greater loss. Derivatives may be riskier than other types of investments because they may be more sensitive to changes in economic or market conditions than other types of investments and could result in losses that significantly exceed the original investment. The use of derivatives may not be successful, resulting in investment losses, and the cost of such strategies may reduce investment returns. There is no guarantee that the use of long and short positions will succeed in limiting an investor's exposure to domestic stock market movements, capitalization, sector swings or other risk factors. Investing using long and short selling strategies may have higher portfolio turnover rates.  Short selling involves certain risks, including additional costs associated with covering short positions and a possibility of unlimited loss on certain short sale positions. J.P. Morgan Asset Management is the marketing name for the asset management businesses of JPMorgan Chase & Co.  Those businesses include, but are not limited to, J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc., Security Capital Research & Management Incorporated and J.P. Morgan Alternative Asset Management, Inc.