The Cold War: An Overview of U.S. Foreign Policy.

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Presentation transcript:

The Cold War: An Overview of U.S. Foreign Policy

1. Definition “non-hostile belligerency” Ideology or geopolitics?

Characteristics A Global (and Cosmic) Struggle –Two Scorpions The Nuclear Dimension –Two porcupines A Zero-Sum game – Two Theologies

Beginnings World War II: Allies and Rivals? New U.S. conceptions of national security

Periods of the Cold War “Classic Cold War” Actually three phases: – – –

Détente

The “Second Cold War”

4. Détente, again

U.S. Foreign Policy in the Cold War Over-arching themes: U.S. rejection of isolationism Key paradigms: “Munich”, “Pearl Harbor”, “Versailles” Perception of threat from USSR-led Communism Fear of ideological and cultural penetration Zero-sum games and Falling Dominoes Containment

Origins and Evolution of Containment –Economic –Military –NSC-68 –Korean War –Subversion and Covert Activity

Eisenhower’s “New Look” “Rollback” Massive Retaliation and Asymmetric Response Brinkmanship Covert activity Support for status quo in Asia, Middle East and the Americas

Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to secure the survival and success of liberty…”

Kennedy and the rhetoric of victory Flexible Response Calibration and gradual escalation Arms build-up and Alliance for Progress

Cuban Missile Crisis and the fear of loss of control Hotline and the beginnings of Détente The problem of Vietnam: honor our commitments or the world goes up in smoke

Détente and the Prague Spring The United States and Israel The Race to the Moon Nixon and Détente

Linkage and Rapprochement The Quagmire of Vietnam Dissent on the Streets, Revisionism in Academia Chile

Realpolitik

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks The Over-selling of Détente Helsinki 1975

Carter and Human Rights North-South versus East-West Committee on Clear and Present Danger Afghanistan and the Demise of Détente Iran and the Demise of Carter

The New Cold War Negotiating from Strength The “Evil Empire” A Policy of Squeeze?

The beginnings of a new détente SDI Iran-Contra Mikhail Gorbachev Renewal of Summit Diplomacy

Malta Conference and the End of the Cold War What was it all about? Central themes in U.S. conduct of the Cold War

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