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 3 POINT BENDING TEST :  Varying loads and spans  Variables measured in the gravity center:  Deflections with vision machine  Strains with gauges in longitudinal and transverse directions  Estimated Parameters:  E facings  G core

 VIBRATION TEST WITH CONSTRAINTS and FREE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS :  Test Positions: Suspended and Restricted  Applied Loads: Impulse and Harmonic Loads  Variables measured in different points along the petal:  Accelerations and forces  Estimated parameters :  Mode shapes and its Natural frequencies. Suspended Restricted

Tª Box Air (ºC) Coolant Tª Pipes_Coolant (ºC) Surface Strains (µm) T ª Surface Petal (ºC) 12H2OH2O NoYes 12.5H2OH2O27.5NoYes 10-- YesNo 10.7CO 2 -27Yes 11.1 Chiller _FRICOFIN -25Yes  THERMAL TEST CONDITIONS AND MEASUREMENTS :  Variables measured along the petal:  Transverse Strains with capacity sensors  Superficial Temperatures with IR camera and PT100s.

 THERMAL STRESS TEST :  Chiller with H 2 O at -25ºC: 50 cooling cycles.  Estimated Parameters:  Heat transmission Faults  Peeling off  THERMAL TEST:  Chiller with CO2 at -35ºC: 10 cooling cycles.  Estimated Parameters:  Heat transmission

 STRUCTURAL MODEL :  With structural shell elements (Shell 99)for Pipes, CF Channels and Facings. With solid elements for the rest (Solid 95).  In order to simulate Modal analysis and Stiffness analysis.  THERMAL MODEL:  With Solid elements (Solid 90) for all components and facings with 3 volumes.  In order to simulate steady state.  THERMAL-STRUCTURAL MODEL:  With Thermal-Structural Solid elements (Solid 226) for all components and facings with 3 volumes.  In order to simulate thermal stress cycles.

 VALIDATION AND VERIFICATION OF THE MODEL :  4 Validity checks:  Unit Enforced Displacement and Rotation  Free-Free Dynamics with a Stiffness Equilibrium Check  Unit Gravity Loading  Unit Temperature Increase  VALIDATION WITH EXPERIMENTAL DATA:  Dynamic Test:  Free Vibration Modal Analysis  Restricted Petal Modal Analysis with Impulse Load applied  Restricted Petal Modal Analysis with frequencies sweep.  Stiffness Test  Steady State Thermal Test  Thermal Stress Test

 STEADY STATE THERMAL ANALYSIS :  Comparison between tests and Ansys results on facings surfaces RESULTS Tª Box Air (ºC) Coolant Tª Pipes_Coolant (ºC) T ª Surface Petal_MAX (ºC) T ª Surface Petal _MIN (ºC) ε_Sensor A (µm) ε_Sensor B (µm) ε_Sensor C (µm) ε_Sensor D (µm) TEST12H2OH2O ANSYS12H2OH2O -- TEST12.5H2OH2O ANSYS12.5H2OH2O TEST ANSYS10-- TEST10.7CO ANSYS10.7CO TEST11.1 Chiller _FRICOFIN ANSYS11.1 Chiller _FRICOFIN Note: the convection film coefficient for H 2 O is W/m 2 ºK (forced convection), for CO 2 is W/m 2 ºK, for the chiller coolant W/m 2 ºK and for dry air 5 W/m 2 ºK.

 STEADY STATE THERMAL ANALYSIS : CO 2 -27ºC DRY AIR 10.7ºC Chiller -25ºC DRY AIR 11.1ºC H 2 O 27.5ºC DRY AIR 12.5ºC

 STIFFNESS ANALYSIS :  Comparison between tests sand Ansys results SPAN (mm) δ_Half Height Section (mm) 250 g500 g750 g1000 g1250 g Ansys: Ansys: Ansys: 0.576Ansys: 0.72

 STIFFNESS ANALYSIS :  Analysis with SPAN 550 mm and LOAD 1250 gr DEFLECTIONSVON MISSES STRESSES

 MODAL ANALYSIS :  Free Boundary conditions MODE Frequency (Hz) e e e FIRST SIX MODES = MOVEMENT OF RIGID SOLID MIN