KINGDOM PLANTAE

Plant Cells multi-cellular- plants contain many cells

Plant Nucleus Eukaryotic- Plant cells contain a nucleus

Plant food Autotrophic- Plants make their own food

Plant Reproduction Sexual – offspring of the plants are diverse Asexual - offspring are uniform

There are over 300,000 different kinds of plants. More than half reproduce by seeds. Seed plants make their own seeds from which new plants grow. Other ways plants can reproduce are from spores, bulbs, tubers (rhizomes), corms, and buds.

Seeds are made by flowers in some plants and by cones in other plants.

The STAMEN is the MALE reproductive ORGAN. Pollen grains are found on the ANTHER.

The sticky tip of the pistil, the stigma, is the receptor of pollen. Male reproductive cells travel down the tube and join with the ovule, fertilizing it. The fertilized ovule becomes the seed, and the ovary becomes the fruit.

Plants Multi cellular Eukaryotic Autotrophic Sexual/asexual Reproduction

Draw a Plasma (Cell) Membrane: Cell Membrane OR Plasma Membrane

Facts about Cell Membrane Structure (what’s it like): Very plasmatic (I.e., it changes it shape easily) Acts like a fence or net Functions: It allows food and water to enter cell Holds the cytoplasm inside Keeps bacteria out Cell Wall Cell Membrane Nucleus Vacuole Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Chloroplast

Which structure holds the “innards” in but keeps bacteria out? Cell Membrane Plasma Membrane

Draw a Cell Wall Cell Wall

STRUCTURE: FUNCTION: Plant Cell Organelles Cell Wall Cell Membrane Nucleus Vacuole Cytoplasm Mitochondria Chloroplast Facts about Cell Walls “Protects” the cell against “invaders” and gives it support. It is tough, stringy Acts like a wall or a suit of armor

Facts about Cell Wall Celery is made mostly of cellulose. Cellulose is tough, remember? It has to be (to protect each cell. Millions of cells surrounded by tough cell walls would result in tough tissue, yes? When we eat cellulose (cell walls), we call it fiber. It’s good for us!

James A. Sullivan Cell wall

Draw cytoplasm: Cytoplasm

Facts about Cytoplasm Plant Cell Organelles Cell Wall Cell Membrane Nucleus Vacuole Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Chloroplast WHAT IT’S LIKE It is like a clear jelly. FUNCTIONS It moves other organelles around It keeps other organelles from smashing into each other

Which structure separates organelles? Cytoplasm

Draw the Nucleus: Nucleus

STRUCTURE: Large, round shape in cell. FUNCTION: This structure acts like the “brain” or “boss” of the cell. It “tells” the cell what to do: reproduce, take in water and food Facts about Nucleus

Let’s concentrate on the nucleus next…

Which structure is the “brain” of the cell? Nucleus

Draw a Vacuole: Vacuole

Facts about a Vacuole WHAT IT’S LIKE This structure acts like the “pantry” of a cell. FUNCTION It holds the food and water that enter the cell through the cell membrane FACT In a plant cell, these structures tend to be very large. Why?

Which structure holds food & water like a pantry? Vacuole

What is the cell’s “protector”? Cell Wall

Draw Chloroplasts: Chloroplast (Empty) Chloroplast (Full)

Facts about Chloroplasts WHAT THEY’RE LIKE Cooks or chefs FACT Found ONLY in plant cells FUNCTION To make food (chlorophyll) with the help of the sun (in a process known as photosynthesis)

CELLS alive! James A. Sullivan Chloroplast Visible from Underlying Cell Layer

Think : Chloroplast Why are some chloroplasts colored green and others left clear? The “clear” chloroplast is empty because it has not yet made chlorophyll. The green chloroplast is full of green chlorophyll that has been produced with the help of the sun!

Perhaps it is winter time, and the Earth directly enough to provide enough energy for photosynthesis to occur. Perhaps the plant is unhealthy and cannot produce chlorophyll. Perhaps the plant is in a spot that is too shady.

Which organelle produces food for the cell? Chloroplast

Cells Alive Interactive