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MutualismCommensalismParasitism

Symbiosis Symbiosis – relationship in which two species live closely together.

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Commensalism Commensalism - symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.

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Mutualism Mutualism – symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship.

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Parasitism Parasitism – symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism (the host) and consequently harms it.

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Predator Predator – the organism that kills and eats the organism.

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Prey Prey – the organism that is being eaten.

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Predation Predation – interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism.

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Niche Niche – full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions.

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Biotic Factor Biotic Factor – biological influence on organisms within an ecosystem.

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Abiotic Factor Abiotic Factor – physical, or nonliving, factor that shapes an ecosystem.

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A.Mutualism B.Commensalism C.Parasitism Bees get food from nectar of the Flower; the Flower gets pollinated, and reproduction begins!

A.Mutualism B.Commensalism C.Parasitism Tapeworms live and feed in humans

A.Mutualism B.Commensalism C.Parasitism Ringworm (a fungus) lives on a human, and the human can become sick.

A.Mutualism B.Commensalism C.Parasitism Barnacles live on whales, but the whale is not harmed or helped.

A.Mutualism B.Commensalism C.Parasitism Termite can digest wood because of Intestinal Microbes, and the Microbes also get food and a warm place to stay. +

A.Mutualism B.Commensalism C.Parasitism Ticks suck animal blood for food.

A.Mutualism B.Commensalism C.Parasitism Mosquitoes suck human blood.

A.Mutualism B.Commensalism C.Parasitism Leeches feed by sucking human blood.

A.Mutualism B.Commensalism C.Parasitism Clownfish live in the Sea Anemone and clean it while the Anemone provides protection for the fish.

A.Mutualism B.Commensalism C.Parasitism Fungus increases Root surface area, and Root gives Fungus food +

A.Mutualism B.Commensalism C.Parasitism Fleas live on and bite animals +

A.Mutualism B.Commensalism C.Parasitism Ants provide protection for the Acacia Tree while the Tree provides food and a place to live.

A.Mutualism B.Commensalism C.Parasitism Cattle Egret eats bugs stirred up by the moving Cows; Cows do not benefit.

Wolves and hawks are at the same trophic level because they _____. Apr'03 10th -39 A. both live on land B. are both large mammals C. both eat primary consumers D. have similar hunting patterns

Which organism lives in the human intestine and aids in the digestive process? Apr'03 10th -23 A. The bacterium Escherichia coli B. The fungus Trichophyton rubrum C. The protozoan Entamoeba coli D. The algae Fucus vesiculosus

Which question could be formed based on these data? Apr'04 11th -16 A. What types of plants have increased productivity in different habitats? B. Is there a relationship between productivity and bird diversity in a habitat? C. How does the number of birds in a population affect habitats? D. Do habitats display changes in productivity and bird diversity during different seasons? Habitat Productivity (g/m 2 /yr) Bird Diveristy (average number of species/km 2 ) Marsh Grassland50012 Shrub land6008 Desert703 Coniferous forest80017 Upland deciduous forest Floodplain deciduous forest200024

Bacteria are present in the digestive tract of some herbivores. The bacteria break down plant cellulose, making it possible for the herbivore to digest plant material. These bacteria live in a stable environment with sufficient food and water. The herbivore and the bacteria in this relationship _____ Released 10th -1 A. benefit each other B. compete for survival C. are producers D. are secondary consumers

Within a certain community, crows actively eat brightly colored beetles. Which interaction is being displayed between the population of crows and the population of beetles? 2008 Released 10th -2 A. Commensalism B. Mutualism C. Parasitism D. Predation

Pollen adheres to bees as they feed on the nectar of flowers. When they move from flower to flower gathering nectar, the bees pollinate the flowers. The bees then use the nectar to make honey. The relationship between bees and flowers is an example of _____ Released 11th -4 A. parasitism B. commensalism C. mutualism D. neutralism

Some species of kelp anchor themselves to the seafloor. These species have small air sacs, called air bladders, at the base of each leaf. The air bladders raise the top of the kelp to the water’s surface. What advantage do air bladders give the kelp? Jul'06 11th -51 A. They allow the kelp to obtain more salt from the water. B. They prevent the kelp from breaking during a storm. C. They allow kelp leaves to receive greater amounts of sunlight. D. They provide the kelp with protection from herbivores.

Which of the following is most likely to cause increases in a predator population? Apr'03 10th -24 A. Fewer prey B. A reduction in competition C. More parasites D. A period of drought

This relationship is an example of _____. Apr'03 10th -33 A. predation B. parasitism C. mutualism D. commensalism In Central America there is a tree called bullhorn acacia (Acacia cornigera) that provides both food and shelter to a certain species of ant (Pseudomyrmex ferruginea). The ants live within the tree without causing it harm. In fact, the ants protect the tree by vigorously attacking and stinging other animals that try to eat it.

An oakworm caterpillar feeds on the leaves of an oak tree. This type of interaction is _____. Apr'04 10th -10 A. mutualistic B. commensalistic C. competitive D. parasitic

A hummingbird feeds on the nectar of a flowering plant. In this process the bird gains nutrition while spreading the plant’s pollen to other flowers. The relationship between hummingbirds and flowering plants can be described as _____. Apr'04 10th -44 A. commensal B. predatory C. parasitic D. mutualistic

Which situation best represents a mutualistic relationship? Apr'04 11th -17 A. A tapeworm absorbing nutrients from the intestine of a dog B. An orchid being pollinated by a nectar-collecting wasp C. A human losing blood to a feeding mosquito D. An armadillo rooting in the soil at the base of an oak tree

After being introduced in the 1930s, the fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) became established throughout much of the southern United States. One biological way to control fire ants might be to introduce organisms that are _____. Apr'04 10th -19 A. mutualistic with fire ant queens B. nurtured by fire ant workers C. preyed on by fire ant drones D. parasitic to fire ant larvae