Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells

Cells of all living things are incredibly diverse.

Currently, the cells of all living things can be divided into two major categories Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Prokaryotic cells include all types of bacteria. Eukaryotic cells make up all other organisms like protists, fungi, plants and animals.. Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (all cells, really) have several structures in common: DNA Ribosomes Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm

All cells have several structures in common: 1. DNA : nucleic acid, genetic material, instructions for making proteins. 2. Ribosomes : tiny structures that make proteins 3. Plasma membrane (aka cell membrane) o Cell boundary, regulates what enters and leaves the cell 4. Cytoplasm : All contents inside cell except DNA/nucleus

However, they have many differences:

The Theory of Endosymbiosis

Symbiosis is the close relationship between two different species. MutualismCommensalismParasitism

Before complex life existed, the bigger cells ate the smaller cells.

Instead of becoming food, the Theory of Endosymbiosis explains that the smaller cells stayed inside and helped the larger cells survive.

There are many factors that help to support this theory: Both plasts have their own DNA and ribosomes

Both reproduce through binary fission (a type of prokaryotic reproduction)

Both have double membranes; the inner membrane from the original prokaryote, and the outer membrane from the ancient host cell.